A Key to Species of the Scorpionflies of Thailand with the Description of New Species of Panorpa and Neopanorpa (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) Based on Morphology and DNA Barcodes

Bicha, Wesley J.; Schiff, Nathan M.; Lancaster, Aaron; Suttiprapan, Piyawan; Dokjan, Theerapan; Scheffler, Brian E.

doi:10.3157/061.148.0202

Cited by 1 publication

(8 citation statements)

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“…Species identification was carried out morphologically under a stereomicroscope, utilizing a key specific to Mecoptera of Thailand [ 3 , 5 , 35 , 36 ]. This was supplemented by additional publications on Mecoptera in Thailand and its neighboring countries [ 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adults of the Bittacidae typically hang from the undersides of herbaceous plants or shrubs, acting as predators that capture small insects with their raptorial hind tarsi, and are often called “Hangingflies”. Despite these differences, Mecoptera are readily characterized by their mouthparts, which extend into an elongated rostrum, and their fore and hind wings that are long, of similar size, and share a similar venation pattern [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Mecoptera comprise 40 genera within nine families and have relatively low species diversity, with approximately 800 species distributed globally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mecoptera comprise 40 genera within nine families and have relatively low species diversity, with approximately 800 species distributed globally. A substantial majority (91%) of this insect order is found in the Northern Hemisphere, with only a small percentage occurring in the Southern Hemisphere [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Among the nine families, Panorpidae and Bittacidae are the two largest, accounting for 90% of the total species [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most intriguingly, panorpids may have value in forensic entomology, as they have been observed to arrive at human cadavers in less than 20 min [ 2 , 11 ]. Panorpids have also been known to consume pollen, fermenting berries, feces, and nectar, and even exhibit phytophagous behavior [ 3 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Hangingflies, on the other hand, are predatory and target small arthropods such as dipterans, lepidopterous larvae, and adults of Hemiptera and Hymenoptera [ 2 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mecoptera, especially “panorpids”, exhibit specific habitat preferences, predominantly favoring mountainous areas characterized by high moisture levels. Adult panorpids are found commonly resting on leaf surfaces, while bittacids hang within the vegetation [ 3 , 9 , 14 , 18 ]. Due to their constrained migration capabilities, restricted distribution, preference for lower temperatures, and sensitivity to climate change and vegetation shifts, Mecoptera serve as invaluable models for studying the impacts of climate change and deforestation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biodiversity and Spatiotemporal Variations of Mecoptera in Thailand: Influences of Elevation and Climatic Factors

Dokjan,

Bicha,

Suttiprapan

et al. 2024

Insects

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Ecological analyses of the small and lesser-known insect order Mecoptera in Thailand are presented. Specimens were collected monthly over a period of 12 consecutive months, using both Malaise and pan traps, from 29 sampling sites located in 18 national parks throughout Thailand. A total of 21 species in four genera were identified from 797 specimens, including Panorpa (1 species), Neopanorpa (18 species), Bittacus (1 species), and Terrobittacus (1 species), with the latter genus representing a new genus record to Thailand. Neopanorpa harmandi, N. siamensis, N. byersi, and N. malaisei were the most abundant species, representing 27.4%, 11.3%, 10.3% and 8.8% of the total specimens, respectively. The species with the highest frequency, as indicated by the high percentage of species occurrence (%SO), was N. siamensis (51%), followed by N. byersi (34%), N. harmandi (34%), N. spatulata (27%), and N. inchoata (27%). Eleven species (52%) exhibited specific regional occurrences. N. tuberosa and N. siamensis had the widest distribution, being found in almost all regions except for western and southern regions for the first and second species, respectively. The seasonal species richness of Mecoptera was high during the rainy season in the northern, northeastern, central, eastern, and western regions, with the highest richness observed in July (15 species), followed by the hot (10 species) and cold seasons (7 species), while there was no significant difference in species richness between seasons in the southern region. Multiple regression models revealed a negative association between species richness and abundance of Mecoptera with both elevation and temperature, and a positive association between rainfall and species evenness. It is predicted that climatic changes will have a detrimental effect on the mecopteran community. The results of this study enhance the understanding of the ecological aspects of Mecoptera, offering crucial insights into its biodiversity and distribution, which are vital for conservation and forest management.

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