“…Consequently, numerous scholars have focused on developing innovative ampicillin sensors, such as antigen-antibody-based immune sensors, 6 colorimetric, 7 electrochemical, 8,9 fluorescent, 10,11 and Raman sensors based on nucleic acid aptamers. 12–14 Among these, aptamers 15 have been extensively researched for ampicillin detection due to their low cost, high selectivity, and non-toxic side effects. For instance, a turn-off fluorescent aptasensor was developed for the detection of ampicillin, utilizing perylenetetracarboxylic acid diimide (PTCDI) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs).…”