A Laboratory Study of the Urban Heat Island in a Calm and Stably Stratified Environment. Part I: Temperature Field

Lu, Jie; Arya, S. Pal; Snyder, William H.; Lawson, Robert E.

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1997)036<1377:alsotu>2.0.co;2

Cited by 84 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, during the night, this ambient rural stability plays a key role in determining both the UHI intensity and the strength of circulation (Shreffler 1978(Shreffler , 1979Vukovich and Dunn 1978;Richardone and Brusasca 1989). Lu et al (1997a) studied the UHI circulation in such a stratified environment by nondimensionalizing the governing equations of motion in an axisymmetric cylindrical coordinate system. The Coriolis force, internal heat generation, and radiation were ignored.…”

Section: Physics Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only two authors have studied day-and nighttime differences in urban-breeze circulation: Yoshikado (1992) and Cenedese and Monti (2003), who both used the Lu et al (1997b) bulk convection model for daytime conditions. Both studies concentrated on the UHI interaction with the daytime sea breeze.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As indicated in numerous works by Baik (Baik 1992;Baik and Chun 1997;Baik et al 2001), numerical models with detailed physics are more appropriate than models with a specified heating distribution. This approach was taken by Kurbatskii (2001) using a model with a prescribed heat flux at the surface to verify the scaling of Lu et al (1997a) for the nocturnal UHI. Porson et al (2007) showed that mesoscale models having advanced parameterizations can be used to reproduce mesoscale circulations by means of scaling techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Using a scale model (water tank) and an analysis of the equations, the authors defined four scales (Lu et al 1997b . The nondimensional structures of the UHI and of the flow velocities were also obtained by Lu et al (1997a,b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scaling the Daytime Urban Heat Island and Urban-Breeze Circulation

Hidalgo

Masson

Gimeno

2010

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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The urban-breeze circulation is a mesoscale response of the atmospheric flow that is related to horizontal variations in temperature associated, for dry conditions, with gradients in sensible heat flux densities. This local circulation is difficult to observe with a simple observational deployment, and the 3D numerical simulations needed to model it are very demanding in computer time. A theoretical approach scaling the daytime urban heat island and urban-breeze characteristics has been developed and provides a simple set of equations that depend on measurable parameters. Three-dimensional high-resolution numerical simulations, performed with the Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale (Meso-NH) atmospheric model, were used to generate a set of urban-breeze circulations forced by an idealized urban environment. The pertinent forcing parameters chosen were the size of the city, the height of the thermal inversion topping the mixed turbulent air layer, and the difference (urban 2 rural) of surface heat flux. Scaling laws are presented that describe the shape of the urban heat island and the horizontal and vertical wind intensity and profiles.

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Section: Physics Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scaling the Daytime Urban Heat Island and Urban-Breeze Circulation

Hidalgo

Masson

Gimeno

2010

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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“…Several laboratory simulations have helped to describe the local circulation and temperature fields produced by the UHI Cermak 1974, 1975;Kimura 1975;Sethuraman and Cermak 1975;Torrance 1979;Giovannoni 1987;Noto 1996;Lu et al 1997aLu et al , 1997b. In these studies, basic characteristics of the nocturnal UHI, such as the mean temperature field, mixing height, and heat-island intensity, are described experimentally as functions of surface heating rates (or surface temperature perturbations), heat-island size, ambient temperature gradient, and ambient wind velocity.…”

Section: A Urban Atmospheric Boundary Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Urban Meteorology :A Review

Kanda

2007

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

101

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This paper reviews the progress made in urban meteorology over the past few decades. The focus is on the impact of urban surfaces on the overlying atmosphere along the conventional meteorological frameworks. Section 1 details the difficulties in generalizing urban surfaces in a meteorological sense because of surface diversity, and considers whether conventional similarity law is applicable. Section 2 describes the characteristics of urban surfaces as the bottom boundary of the atmosphere and includes a discussion of land surface parameters and the resultant surface energy partitioning. Section 3 explains characteristics of the urban atmosphere, including temperature fields, local circulations and rainfall. Section 4 describes recent progress in numerical modeling and promising new technologies, thus revealing a possible future direction for urban meteorological studies.

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Two decades of urban climate research: a review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island

Arnfield

2003

Intl Journal of Climatology

2,829

1,518

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Progress in urban climatology over the two decades since the first publication of the International Journal of Climatology is reviewed. It is emphasized that urban climatology during this period has benefited from conceptual advances made in microclimatology and boundary-layer climatology in general. The role of scale, heterogeneity, dynamic source areas for turbulent fluxes and the complexity introduced by the roughness sublayer over the tall, rigid roughness elements of cities is described. The diversity of urban heat islands, depending on the medium sensed and the sensing technique, is explained. The review focuses on two areas within urban climatology. First, it assesses advances in the study of selected urban climatic processes relating to urban atmospheric turbulence (including surface roughness) and exchange processes for energy and water, at scales of consideration ranging from individual facets of the urban environment, through streets and city blocks to neighbourhoods. Second, it explores the literature on the urban temperature field. The state of knowledge about urban heat islands around 1980 is described and work since then is assessed in terms of similarities to and contrasts with that situation. Finally, the main advances are summarized and recommendations for urban climate work in the future are made.

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A Laboratory Study of the Urban Heat Island in a Calm and Stably Stratified Environment. Part I: Temperature Field

Cited by 84 publications

References 0 publications

Scaling the Daytime Urban Heat Island and Urban-Breeze Circulation

Scaling the Daytime Urban Heat Island and Urban-Breeze Circulation

Progress in Urban Meteorology :A Review

Two decades of urban climate research: a review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island

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