A late Middle Stone Age artifact assemblage from Sibudu (KwaZulu-Natal): comparisons with the European Middle Paleolithic

Villa, Paola; Delagnes, Anne; Wadley, Lyn

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2004.11.007

Cited by 117 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…At Diepkloof, elevated quartz frequencies are associated with some HP levels [107]. The same pattern is not apparent at Blombos Cave [19], Rose Cottage Cave [108], or Sibudu Cave [115]. Changes in raw material source exploitation in response to glacial cycling are probably best understood within a local or regional context.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recorded many of the traits used by Brown (2011) so that the two sets of databases could be combined, and then an additional set of traits that expands the range of possible inter-site comparisons and research questions were documented during the Oct-Nov 2013 season. Our method incorporates traits and typological identifications from multiple sources, including published reports by Villa et al [106] and Wurz [147, 148] at Klasies River, Wadley [149–151] and Villa et al [115, 152] at Sibudu, Wadley and Harper [153] and Soriano et al [108] at Rose Cottage Cave, and Porraz et al [107] at Diepkloof. A total of 93 different attributes were recorded, which included metric traits such as length, width, and thickness, technologically-relevant traits such as dorsal scar pattern and number of platform scars, and functionally-relevant traits such as presence of “diagnostic impact fractures”.…”

Section: Sample Selection and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At Klasies River, the frequency of silcrete and other fine-grained raw materials decreases in the MIS 3 (MSA III) occupation compared to the MIS 4 (HP) occupation [114]. At other sites, such as Diepkloof [107], Rose Cottage Cave [108], and Sibudu Cave [115], the raw material shift is less pronounced or absent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lithic technological responses to Late Pleistocene glacial cycling at Pinnacle Point Site 5-6, South Africa

et al. 2017

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There are multiple hypotheses for human responses to glacial cycling in the Late Pleistocene, including changes in population size, interconnectedness, and mobility. Lithic technological analysis informs us of human responses to environmental change because lithic assemblage characteristics are a reflection of raw material transport, reduction, and discard behaviors that depend on hunter-gatherer social and economic decisions. Pinnacle Point Site 5–6 (PP5-6), Western Cape, South Africa is an ideal locality for examining the influence of glacial cycling on early modern human behaviors because it preserves a long sequence spanning marine isotope stages (MIS) 5, 4, and 3 and is associated with robust records of paleoenvironmental change. The analysis presented here addresses the question, what, if any, lithic assemblage traits at PP5-6 represent changing behavioral responses to the MIS 5-4-3 interglacial-glacial cycle? It statistically evaluates changes in 93 traits with no a priori assumptions about which traits may significantly associate with MIS. In contrast to other studies that claim that there is little relationship between broad-scale patterns of climate change and lithic technology, we identified the following characteristics that are associated with MIS 4: increased use of quartz, increased evidence for outcrop sources of quartzite and silcrete, increased evidence for earlier stages of reduction in silcrete, evidence for increased flaking efficiency in all raw material types, and changes in tool types and function for silcrete. Based on these results, we suggest that foragers responded to MIS 4 glacial environmental conditions at PP5-6 with increased population or group sizes, ‘place provisioning’, longer and/or more intense site occupations, and decreased residential mobility. Several other traits, including silcrete frequency, do not exhibit an association with MIS. Backed pieces, once they appear in the PP5-6 record during MIS 4, persist through MIS 3. Changing paleoenvironments explain some, but not all temporal technological variability at PP5-6.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Selection and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lithic technological responses to Late Pleistocene glacial cycling at Pinnacle Point Site 5-6, South Africa

et al. 2017

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“…This technology has been used at sites in varying environmental settings thousands of kilometers apart and across a vast time span (Goren-Inbar & BelferCohen 1998; Rots & Van Peer 2006;Shea 2003;2006;Villa et al 2005). The Levallois technology, is defined by a basic technological recipe (as defined by Boëda 1988), involving two main methods; preferential for the removal of a single predetermined end product and recurrent for the removal of a series of predetermined flakes from a given flaking surface (Boëda 1988;1995;Bordes 1961).…”

Section: Technological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle Palaeolithic find spots with Nubian cores from the Southern Negev and the Arava, Israel

Goldberger

Ginat

Ragolski

et al. 2017

JLS

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Abstract:This is a report of results from a cursory survey of several Middle Paleolithic find spots from the Arava, Israel, conducted as part of a broader collaboration between the Dead Sea and Arava Science Center and the Israel Antiquities Authority. A series of find spots were recorded on the eastern flanks of the Zehiha hills and on the northern terraces of Wadi Paran. These finds consist of mostly Middle Paleolithic artifacts including Levallois centripetal, bidirectional and Nubian cores. The presence of Nubian cores within this technological constellation is of interest in light of recent discussions regarding archaeological markers of modern human dispersals out of Africa and feasible routes into Eurasia and Arabia. The Nubian core technology, a specific variant of the Levallois technology is found within a defined and continuous geographic region and is perceived as penecontemporaneous. Sites with a similar technological package are found to the east at Al-Jawf, within the Arabian Peninsula, as well as to the North-West, within the central Negev highlands, at the localities of Har Oded and H2. The distinctive technological characteristics, geographical extent and chronology advocate its use as a possible marker for human dispersals and interactions between Eastern Africa, the Nile Valley, the southern Levant and Arabia.

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“…2). The pre-Still Bay, post-Howiesons Poort, late MSA and final MSA are informal assemblages that have been preliminarily described (Villa et al 2005;Cochrane 2006;Villa & Lenoir 2006;Wadley & Jacobs 2006) and are intended for use only with respect to Sibudu.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Past Environmental Proxies from the Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

Hall¹,

Wadley²,

Woodborne³

2014

J African Arch

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A late Middle Stone Age artifact assemblage from Sibudu (KwaZulu-Natal): comparisons with the European Middle Paleolithic

Cited by 117 publications

References 65 publications

Lithic technological responses to Late Pleistocene glacial cycling at Pinnacle Point Site 5-6, South Africa

Lithic technological responses to Late Pleistocene glacial cycling at Pinnacle Point Site 5-6, South Africa

Middle Palaeolithic find spots with Nubian cores from the Southern Negev and the Arava, Israel

Past Environmental Proxies from the Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

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