A latex agglutination test for field diagnosis of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia

Rurangirwa, F. R.; McGuire, T C; Kibor, A; Chema, S.

doi:10.1136/vr.121.9.191

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The complement fixation test (prescribed by the OIE) and the latex agglutination test for CCPP are based on polysaccharide antigen (47,48). Their specificity may be jeopardized by the frequent infections of goats with MMC species, and notably M. capricolum subsp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Dynamic Genomic Loci Drive the Synthesis of Two Types of Capsular or Secreted Polysaccharides within the Mycoplasma mycoides Cluster

Bertin

Pau-Roblot

Courtois

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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iMycoplasmas of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster are all ruminant pathogens. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides is responsible for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and is known to produce capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and exopolysaccharide (EPS). Previous studies have strongly suggested a role for Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides polysaccharides in pathogenicity. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides-secreted EPS was recently characterized as a ␤(1¡6)-galactofuranose homopolymer (galactan) identical to the capsular product. Here, we extended the characterization of secreted polysaccharides to all other members of the M. mycoides cluster: M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, M. capricolum subsp. capricolum, M. leachii, and M. mycoides subsp. capri (including the LC and Capri serovars). Extracted EPS was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, resulting in the identification of a homopolymer of ␤(1¡2)-glucopyranose (glucan) in M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae and M. leachii. Monoclonal antibodies specific for this glucan and for the Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides-secreted galactan were used to detect the two polysaccharides. While M. mycoides subsp. capri strains of serovar LC produced only capsular galactan, no polysaccharide could be detected in strains of serovar Capri. All strains of M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae and M. leachii produced glucan CPS and EPS, whereas glucan production and localization varied among M. capricolum subsp. capricolum strains. Genes associated with polysaccharide synthesis and forming a biosynthetic pathway were predicted in all cluster members. These genes were organized in clusters within two loci representing genetic variability hot spots. Phylogenetic analysis showed that some of these genes, notably galE and glf, were acquired via horizontal gene transfer. These findings call for a reassessment of the specificity of the serological tests based on mycoplasma polysaccharides. Within the class Mollicutes, the so-called Mycoplasma mycoides cluster (MMC) (1) is unique: all the members of the MMC are pathogenic for ruminants, yet from a phylogenetic point of view, this cluster belongs to the Spiroplasma clade, which includes a number of species isolated from plants or insects (2). The taxonomy of the MMC was modified recently to reflect more precisely the phylogeny of this group. Because all the cluster members are closely related, their 16S rRNA gene sequences did not provide sufficient resolution to discriminate them accurately (3). A multilocus sequence typing approach was used to obtain a more precise phylogeny (4), which led to a simplification of the taxonomy (5) ( Table 1). The cluster currently comprises five species or subspecies: Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides, which was known formerly as the "small colony" (SC) biotype (1), M. mycoides subsp. capri, M. capricolum subsp. capricolum, M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, and M. leachii. In addition, M. mycoides subsp. capri is subdivided in two serovars: the "large colony" serovar (M. mycoides subsp...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Dynamic Genomic Loci Drive the Synthesis of Two Types of Capsular or Secreted Polysaccharides within the Mycoplasma mycoides Cluster

Bertin

Pau-Roblot

Courtois

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…capripneumoniae (Rurangirwa et al 1987). The adapted latex agglutination test was developed and optimized at the Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), UK.…”

Section: Latex Agglutination Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…capri (F30) culture with 10 μl of serum on a glass slide and shaken for up to 2 min. Samples causing visible agglutination against a dark background were recorded as positive (Rurangirwa et al 1987). Binding and test format were optimized, and specificity and sensitivity of the reagents was then calculated using known positive and negative sera.…”

Section: Latex Agglutination Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of and risk factors for Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri infection in small ruminants in Northern Jordan

Momani

Abo‐Shehada

Nicholas³

2010

Trop Anim Health Prod

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During the period from January 2002 to December 2003, serum samples were collected from 104 small ruminant flocks consisting of 18 sheep flocks, 27 goat flocks, and 59 mixed flocks containing both sheep and goats in northern Jordan. Only female sheep and goats were sampled. At least five females aged over 2 years per flock per species were sampled and examined for Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri using the latex agglutination test. To increase the chances of detecting positive flocks, sick or older ewes were sampled. Specific information was obtained using a questionnaire to identify potential risk factors for M. mycoides subsp. capri seropositivity in small ruminants. The true flock-level seroprevalences of M. mycoides subsp. capri were 34%, 32%, and 38% in small ruminants (sheep and goats), sheep, and goats, respectively. Differences between flock-level seroprevalences in sheep and goats were not significant (p = 0.7). Multivariable logistic regression analysis of 21 production and health management practices showed four to be associated with M. mycoides subsp. capri seropositivity including flocks which were grazed and fed concentrate supplement (OR = 4.6), improper cleaning of milking utensils (OR = 4.7), buying new animals to replace culled ones (OR = 0.3), and treating against helminths when clinical signs of helminth infections appear (OR = 0.4).

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“…In a further examination of the genomic relationships of F38, California kidT, and PG50, Christiansen and Erne (6) observed DNA homology levels of 80% between strains F38 and California kidT and about 60% between either of these two strains and PG50. Since that time, many other reports have confirmed the close relationship of F38-like isolates and M. cupricolum strains; the data include additional serologic data (3,31,46) and similarities in cell membrane protein patterns as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) (1,11,44), DNA methylation pattern data (2), genetic restriction fragment length polymorphism data (7), data from crosshybridization studies performed with various DNA probes (20,52), and cross-immunization test data (32). The apparently close relationship between strain F38 and an established Mycoplusma species led to questions concerning the proper taxonomic designation of this strain.…”

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confidence: 90%

DNA Relatedness between Field Isolates of Mycoplasma F38 Group, the Agent of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia, and Strains of Mycoplasma capricolum

Bonnet

Saillard

Bové

et al. 1993

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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DNA-DNA hybridization experiments were carried out in order to clarify the taxonomic relationships between the F38 group of caprine mycoplasmas, the established etiologic agents of classical contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, and Mycophmu capricolum, an organism associated with septicemia, arthritis, and mastitis in goats and sheep. The taxonomic status of the F38 group has been uncertain, principally because of the serological, genomic, and other properties which it shares with M. capricolum. Tritium-labeled DNAs from the M. capricolum type strain (California kid) and from prototype strain F38 were hybridized with unlabeled DNAs from these two strains and from four other isolates belonging to each group. The results showed consistent DNA relatedness values of about 70% between the F38 and M. capricolum groups, compared with levels of relatedness of about 90 and 85%, respectively, for the strains within each group. In addition, the results of comparisons of these 10 strains in which growth inhibition and immunofluorescence tests were used confirmed the previously reported serological relationships between the two groups and reinforced other observations concerning their shared genomic and cell membrane characteristics, indicating that there is a close taxonomic relationship. However, as the 70% DNA relatedness values between the M. cupricolum and F38 groups also indicate a degree of genomic difference inconsistent with a relationship at the species level, we conclude that our findings support previous proposals for classification of the F38 group as a subspecies of M. capricolum. In view of the prospective diagnostic problems, particularly those arising from the serological similarities of two putative subspecies, we believe that further studies should be performed to define additional phenotypic and genotypic properties that would allow more rapid and specific differentiation of the F38 group mycoplasmas.

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A latex agglutination test for field diagnosis of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Highly Dynamic Genomic Loci Drive the Synthesis of Two Types of Capsular or Secreted Polysaccharides within the Mycoplasma mycoides Cluster

Highly Dynamic Genomic Loci Drive the Synthesis of Two Types of Capsular or Secreted Polysaccharides within the Mycoplasma mycoides Cluster

Seroprevalence of and risk factors for Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri infection in small ruminants in Northern Jordan

DNA Relatedness between Field Isolates of Mycoplasma F38 Group, the Agent of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia, and Strains of Mycoplasma capricolum

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