A-like cells in the rat stomach contain ghrelin and do not operate under gastrin control

Cour, Charlotta Dornonville de la; Björkqvist, Maria; Sandvik, Arne K.; Bakke, Ingrid; Zhao, Chun‐Mei; Chen, D; Håkanson, R.

doi:10.1016/s0167-0115(01)00243-9

Cited by 330 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Hatched areas in the Fig. show the range of reported blood concentrations of obestatin, acyl ghrelin and desacyl ghrelin in fasted or fed mice and rats (1,4,(7)(8)(9)(10)21). From the concentrationresponse curves it seems that the circulating concentrations of both obestatin and acyl ghrelin will cause 80-90 % suppression of spontaneous PP release.…”

Section: Implication Of the Findings With Respect To The Functional Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Desacyl ghrelin (28 a.a. residues) and obestatin (23 a.a.) are cleavage products of proghrelin (1,2), which is synthetized in endocrine A-like cells in the gastric mucosa (3,4). During processing, a fraction of desacyl ghrelin is acylated in position 3 (serine) to form variants of acylated ghrelin (1,2,5-7), which are considered to be biologically active.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acyl ghrelin is thought to be a "hunger hormone" because circulating ghrelin concentrations increase as a result of food deprivation and decrease following food intake (1,4,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Numerous reports have suggested that ghrelin affects energy balance; causing body weight increase and adiposity (see e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proghrelin peptides: Desacyl ghrelin is a powerful inhibitor of acylated ghrelin, likely to impair physiological effects of acyl ghrelin but not of obestatin

Kumar

Salehi

Rehfeld

et al. 2010

Regulatory Peptides

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Background. Proghrelin, produced by the ghrelin (A-like) cells of the gastric mucosa, gives rise to cleavage products, including desacyl ghrelin, acyl ghrelin and obestatin. The products are thought to be secreted concomitantly. In an earlier study we found acyl ghrelin and obestatin, but not desacyl ghrelin, to suppress the release of hormones from isolated islets of mouse and rat pancreas.Results. Using isolated mouse pancreatic islets to study the suppression of the spontaneous secretion of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) by acyl ghrelin and obestatin, we determined the EC 50 values for the two peptides. For acyl ghrelin it was 2 x 10 -13 M (ranging from 1.7 to 2.8 x 10 -13 M), for obestatin it was 10 -13 M (ranging from 0.3 to 1.1 x 10 -13 M). The Hill coefficient (i.e. the midpoint slope) for the acyl ghrelin dose-response curve was 0.30 (ranging from 0.21 to 0.35); the corresponding value for obestatin was 0.35 (ranging from 0.21 to 0.35). The PP-releasing effect of acyl ghrelin, but not that of obestatin, was counteracted by desacyl ghrelin. The acyl ghrelin dose-response curve was shifted to the right in a parallel manner by increasing concentrations of desacyl ghrelin. A Schild plot was constructed with a slope of 0.78, giving an apparent pA 2 value of 14.Conclusions. The results favour the view that acyl ghrelin and obestatin suppress spontaneous PP secretion at physiologically relevant concentrations and that they act on separate receptors. However, we conclude also that desacyl ghrelin acts as a competitive, surmountable (and quite potent) inhibitor of acyl ghrelin. In view of the allegedly high circulating concentrations of desacyl ghrelin it is to be expected that the effect of acyl ghrelin -but not that of obestatin -will be impaired, in fact probably severely blunted by desacyl ghrelin, thereby compromising the functional significance of circulating acyl ghrelin. In addition, we suggest that isolated pancreatic islets are well suited for studies of receptors to acyl ghrelin and obestatin, and that suppression of PP secretion represents a convenient way to measure the effect of both these peptides.

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Section: Implication Of the Findings With Respect To The Functional Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proghrelin peptides: Desacyl ghrelin is a powerful inhibitor of acylated ghrelin, likely to impair physiological effects of acyl ghrelin but not of obestatin

Kumar

Salehi

Rehfeld

et al. 2010

Regulatory Peptides

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Stimulation In an earlier report it was suggested that the hypothetical insulinotropic agent in the stomach was a peptide [14], and that one of the majority populations of peptide hormone-producing endocrine cells in the acid-producing part of the rat stomach, i.e. the ECL cells [22] and the ghrelin cells [23], represented possible sources of this agent. Because ghrelin was recently found to inhibit rather than stimulate glucose-evoked insulin release [24,25], an effect which at least in part was exerted by accelerating islet NO production [25], ghrelin is unlikely to be the insulinotropic agent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secretory and electrophysiological characteristics of insulin cells from gastrectomized mice: Evidence for the existence of insulinotropic agents in the stomach

Salehi

Eliasson

et al. 2007

Regulatory Peptides

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“…Ghrelin is a 28 amino acid acylated peptide synthesized predominantly in endocrine A/X cells located in the gastric fundus [43]. Ghrelin is expressed to a lesser degree in numerous other tissues, particularly the upper small intestine [44].…”

Section: Ghrelinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bariatric surgery for extreme adolescent obesity: Indications, outcomes, and physiologic effects on the gut–brain axis

Xanthakos

2008

Pathophysiology

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Objective-This review will summarize current indications, limitations and outcomes of bariatric surgery in adolescents, as well as provide an overview of the physiologic effects of bariatric surgery on enteric hormones involved in regulating appetite, satiation and maintenance of weight.Results-Extreme obesity (BMI ≥ 99 percentile) now affects 4% of children and adolescents in the United States. Traditional dietary and behavioral weight management methods have no demonstrated efficacy for extremely obese children and adolescents, in contrast with bariatric surgery which has produced significant and sustainable weight loss and associated improvements in comorbid diseases for the extremely obese. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) are the most commonly performed bariatric surgical procedures in adolescents, but vertical sleeve gastrectomy may be a promising new option for selected extremely obese adolescents. A mean weight loss of 37-40% is achieved in adolescents after RYGB, with LAGB showing similar results, albeit attained at a slower rate.Conclusion-Alterations in the enteric hormones involved in the gut-brain axis that regulates appetite and energy expenditure may play a role in both the anorexigenic and weight-reducing effects of certain bariatric surgical procedures. In particular, RYGB induces a rise in both fasting and post-prandial peptide tyrosine-tyrosine which could contribute to the more rapid and greater degree of weight loss than is seen with LAGB. Limitations of bariatric surgery however include the potential for post-operative morbidity and mortality, as well as possible weight regain in a small proportion of patients.

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A-like cells in the rat stomach contain ghrelin and do not operate under gastrin control

Cited by 330 publications

References 26 publications

Proghrelin peptides: Desacyl ghrelin is a powerful inhibitor of acylated ghrelin, likely to impair physiological effects of acyl ghrelin but not of obestatin

Proghrelin peptides: Desacyl ghrelin is a powerful inhibitor of acylated ghrelin, likely to impair physiological effects of acyl ghrelin but not of obestatin

Secretory and electrophysiological characteristics of insulin cells from gastrectomized mice: Evidence for the existence of insulinotropic agents in the stomach

Bariatric surgery for extreme adolescent obesity: Indications, outcomes, and physiologic effects on the gut–brain axis

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