A Long‐run Analysis of Defence Spending in the Nato Countries (1960–99)

Gadea, Marı́a Dolores; Pardos, Eva; Pérez‐Forniés, Claudia

doi:10.1080/1024269042000189273

Cited by 24 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The role of military expenditure (henceforth, MILEX) in economic growth has attracted research interest for some time now. Although attention has focussed more on other parts of the world (Desli, Gkoulgkoutsika, & Katrakilidis, 2017;Dolores Gadea, Pardos, & P erez-Forni es, 2004;Dunne, Nikolaidou, & Vougas, 2001;Dunne & Tian, 2016;Kollias, Naxakis, & Zarangas, 2004;Krtali c & Major, 2010) and less on Africa. 1 When the issue of military spending in Africa ought to be given much attention not only for the academic needs but more so because of the surge of internal arm conflicts and intra-regional terrorist activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Military expenditure and economic growth: evidence from a heterogeneous panel of African countries

Saba

Ngepah

2019

Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja

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This study investigates the causal relationship between military expenditure and economic growth by using a balanced panel of 35 African countries spanning 1990 to 2015. It uses the more recently developed bivariate heterogeneous panel causality, GMM and SGMM estimation techniques. The country-by-country causality results reveal:(i) no causal relationship between military expenditure and growth in seven countries; (ii) unidirectional causality from military expenditure to growth in two countries; (iii) unidirectional relationship from growth to military expenditure in fourteen countries; and (iv) bidirectional relationship in twelve countries. These findings imply: (i) that the seven African countries with no causality can pursue defence policy objectives independently from growth policy objectives; (ii) in the fourteen countries, the fact that growth causes military expenditure and not vice versa implies that, defence decisions are not made in a way as to relatively promote growth; (iii) two African countries effectively use military expenditure for growth aims, hence military expenditure causes growth; and (iv) the bidirectional causality in the 12 countries implies that both growth and defence policy objectives can be pursued together. The GMMs results show that military expenditure has a significant negative impact on growth in Africa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Military expenditure and economic growth: evidence from a heterogeneous panel of African countries

Saba

Ngepah

2019

Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja

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“…Strategic factors emerge from one out of the three areas impacting national budgetary decisions about spending on defence. As Dunne and Perlo-Freeman (2003) as well as Gadea et al (2004) notice, military spending is dependent on strategic, socioeconomic and political factors in the post-Soviet era. Nonetheless, because of Russian military invasion of Ukraine in 2014, the strategic ground has gained prominence over the last decade.…”

Section: Strategic Determinants Of Military Spendingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Military Spending Among European NATO Members. The Importance of Strategic Factors After 2014

Waszkiewicz¹,

Taksás²

2023

Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues

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The Russian Federation, with its plans to regain influence over former Soviet bloc countries, currently constitutes the main military danger for the EU and NATO. Because the war is so close to the EU’s borders, European allies have every reason to increase army financing instead of fuelling a transatlantic disagreement about burden sharing. This article deals with the question of whether the high strategic threat posed by Russia has increased military spending among European allies and decreased free-riding practices after 2014. To analyse this problem, we applied Spearman’s Rank Correlation test and then made a comparative analysis of 21 countries that are both EU and NATO members. Our results confirmed that European allies did not react in the same way to the Russian threat. We proved that strategic factors played a key role in the majority of Eastern European members of NATO, but not across Western European allies.

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“…As personnel outlays represent more than half the Czech defence expenditures, the link between military recruitment, defence expenditures and their determinants is another area of interest (Gadea et al, 2004). Warner argues that military recruitment and retention respond to wages in the civilian sector.…”

Section: Theory Of Military Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Military Recruitment and Czech Labour Market

Holcner¹,

Davidová²,

Neubauer³

et al. 2021

Prague Economic Papers

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The article presents an empirical analysis of the relation between recruitment in the allvolunteer Czech Armed Forces and selected economic indicators, including actual economic performance, situation on the domestic labour market and development of defence expenditures based on data for the period 2005-2019. The relation between military recruitment and economic performance was examined using values of GDP and GDP dynamics (GDP index). General unemployment rate, the economic activity index 1 and the military-to-general average wage ratio were used to analyse the relation of military recruitment and situation on the domestic labour market. The relation between military recruitment and defence expenditures was examined based on general defence burden (share of defence expenditures in GDP), state sector defence burden (share of defence expenditures in state budget expenditures) and year-on-year changes in defence expenditures.

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A Long‐run Analysis of Defence Spending in the Nato Countries (1960–99)

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

Military expenditure and economic growth: evidence from a heterogeneous panel of African countries

Military expenditure and economic growth: evidence from a heterogeneous panel of African countries

Military Spending Among European NATO Members. The Importance of Strategic Factors After 2014

Military Recruitment and Czech Labour Market

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