A Low-Cost Wireless Sensor System for Power Quality Management in Single-Phase Domestic Networks

Abstract

This article presents a novel low-cost hardware and software tool for monitoring power quality in single-phase domestic networks using an ESP32 microcontroller. The proposed embedded system allows remote evaluation and monitoring of electrical energy consumption behavior through non-invasive current measurement parameters. Based on these measurements, power, power factor, total harmonic distortion, and energy consumption are calculated. The collected data is then published and visualized on a free and open IoT application in the cloud. The tool was designed to be both cost-effective and high-quality. During laboratory testing, the equipment demonstrated a high level of precision, as compared to a network analyzer. Additionally, the design utilized the smallest number of components possible, while still maintaining quality performance. The ESP32 microcontroller enables wireless data transmission, making remote monitoring and management of energy consumption more accessible and efficient. Moreover, the non-invasive measurement method makes the tool safer and more user-friendly, as it does not require any interruption of power supply. The proposed tool can help identify and address power quality issues that arise in domestic networks, which can have a significant impact on energy consumption and costs. The IoT application enables users to access their power consumption data remotely, facilitating better energy management and reducing wastage.