A low-flow low-power helium microwave induced plasma for optical and mass spectrometry with solution nebulization

Jankowski, Krzysztof; Jackowska, Adrianna; Ramsza, Andrzej; Reszke, Edward

doi:10.1039/b803176b

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The shape and the physical appearance of the microwave helium plasma differs markedly from the He plasma sources reported previously. [1][2][3][4][5] The characteristic feature of the discharge is that it can form a triangle shaped ring with a hole at its centre through which the sample is introduced. Hence, the power density of the discharge is higher comparing to the other common microwave plasmas due to the small plasma volume of about 0.05 cm 3 .…”

Section: Plasma Appearancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At identical power settings, assuming similar power transfer efficiencies, the helium plasma is more intense than those previously reported. 1 The 2 mm-long analytical channel passes through the centre of the plasma, and the surrounding plasma zone provides efficient energy transfer. The presence of the central channel in the discharge offers an easy method of sample introduction into the discharge and enhances the interaction between the sample and the plasma.…”

Section: Plasma Appearancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These values are higher compared to those previously reported for various helium MIPs. [1][2][3] This could be explained by the higher power density of the discharge.…”

Section: Plasma Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, helium plasma sources have been extensively investigated to be used as an excitation source for optical emission spectrometry (OES) as well as an ionization source for mass spectrometry (MS). [1][2][3][4][5] Helium is attractive as a plasma gas because it possesses a higher thermal conductivity compared to argon, thus improving desolvation, vaporization, and atomization efficiencies. Helium plasmas exhibit higher excitation and ionization efficiencies and thus could be used for detection of hard-to-ionize elements including nonmetals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among other plasma sources, some interesting approaches of helium plasma powered with microwave frequencies have been reported, however, problems with loading of large amounts of analytes to the plasma are usually observed. [1][2][3] In this work, a new concept of maintaining helium plasma based on three phase rotating field microwave source is presented. The design and fundamental characteristics of the discharge as well as the analytical potential were preliminarily investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A three phase rotating field microwave plasma design for a low-flow helium plasma generation

Jankowski

Ramsza

Reszke³

et al. 2010

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Section: Plasma Appearancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plasma Appearancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These values are higher compared to those previously reported for various helium MIPs. [1][2][3] This could be explained by the higher power density of the discharge.…”

Section: Plasma Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A three phase rotating field microwave plasma design for a low-flow helium plasma generation

Jankowski

Ramsza

Reszke³

et al. 2010

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microwave Plasma Systems in Optical and Mass Spectroscopy

Jankowski

Reszke²,

Broekaert

et al. 2011

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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The art and science of microwave plasma (MWP) optical and mass spectroscopy is briefly presented including very recent advances in the field up to 2011. The use of MWPs as radiation sources for optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) and as atom reservoirs for atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS), and laser‐enhanced ionization spectroscopy (LEIS) as well as ion sources for mass spectrometry (MS) is treated. Devices for producing both E‐type capacitively coupled microwave plasma (CMP)‐electrode and microwave‐induced plasma (MIP)‐electrodeless MWPs, including inductively coupled plasma (ICP)‐like H‐type plasmas, are classified and discussed, in addition to methods of their diagnostics, and results for the analytically relevant plasma parameters are presented. The means of generation of symmetrical plasmas and uses of microplasma devices are also presented with an effort to comment on general classification of microwave (MW) cavities. Further, the use of MWs for boosting of glow discharges (GDs) is treated along with other tandem sources. Methods for the introduction of gaseous, liquid, and solid samples into the MWP are discussed. They include direct vapor sampling (DVS), chemical vapor generation (CVG), and hydride generation (HG) techniques; dry aerosol generation techniques (electrothermal vaporization (ETV); spark ablation (SA); laser ablation (LA); and continuous powder introduction (CPI) as well as wet aerosol generation techniques using both solution and slurry nebulization. Special reference is made to coupling with gas chromatography (GC) and also with various separation techniques for liquids including high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analytical figures of merit in the case of OES with low‐power and high‐power MIP, CMP, microwave plasma torch (MPT), MWP‐electrode sources including rotating field sustained plasma and H‐type MWP as well as microplasmas are given. There are also described cases of atomic absorption, fluorescence, and laser ionization with these sources. The developments in MS in the case of both low‐power and high‐power MWPs and in the case of various types of sample introduction techniques are discussed. Applications of MWP analytical spectroscopy are in the fields of biological samples with special reference to microanalysis, and of environmental and industrial samples with special emphasis on element speciation, on‐line monitoring, particle sizing, and direct solids analysis. A critical comparison of the methodology with other spectroscopic methods for the determination of the elements and their species is given.

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Microwave Plasma Systems in Optical and Mass Spectroscopy

Jankowski

Reszke²,

Broekaert

2016

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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The art and science of microwave plasma (MWP) optical and mass spectroscopy is briefly presented including very recent advances in the field up to 2015. The use of MWPs as radiation sources for optical emission (OES) and atomic fluorescence (AFS) spectroscopy and as atom reservoirs for atomic absorption (AAS) and cavity ringdown (CRDS) spectroscopy as well as ion sources for both elemental and molecular mass spectrometry (MS) is treated. Devices for producing both E‐type capacitively coupled microwave plasma (CMP)‐electrode and microwave‐induced plasma (MIP)‐electrodeless MWPs, including ICP‐like H‐type plasmas, are classified and discussed, in addition to techniques of their diagnostics, and results for the analytically relevant plasma parameters are presented. The means of generation of voluminous symmetrical plasmas and uses of microplasma devices are also presented with an effort to comment on general classification of microwave cavities. Further, the use of microwaves for boosting of glow discharges (GDs) and laser‐induced plasmas (LIBS) is treated along with other tandem sources. Methods for introduction of gaseous, liquid, and solid samples into the MWP are discussed. They include direct vapor sampling (DVS), chemical vapor generation (CVG) and hydride generation (HG) techniques, dry aerosol generation techniques (electrothermal vaporization (ETV), spark (SA) and laser ablation (LA) and continuous powder introduction (CPI)), and wet aerosol generation techniques using both solution and slurry nebulization. Special reference is made to coupling with gas chromatography (GC) and also with various separation techniques for liquids including high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), and size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC). The analytical figures of merit in the case of OES with MIPs, CMPs, microwave plasma torch (MPT), MWP‐electrode sources including rotating‐field‐sustained plasma, and H‐type MWP as well as microplasmas are given. There are also described cases of atomic absorption and fluorescence with these sources. The developments in both elemental and molecular MS in the case of both cold and hot MWPs and in the case of various types of sample introduction techniques are discussed. Applications of MWP analytical spectroscopy are in the fields of biological, clinical, environmental, and industrial samples with special reference to multielement analysis, element speciation, on‐line monitoring, particle sizing, and direct solids analysis. A critical comparison of the methodology with other spectroscopic methods for the determination of the elements and their species is given.

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A low-flow low-power helium microwave induced plasma for optical and mass spectrometry with solution nebulization

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

A three phase rotating field microwave plasma design for a low-flow helium plasma generation

A three phase rotating field microwave plasma design for a low-flow helium plasma generation

Microwave Plasma Systems in Optical and Mass Spectroscopy

Microwave Plasma Systems in Optical and Mass Spectroscopy

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