A Low-Loss Thyristor-Based Hybrid Three-Level and Modular Multilevel Converter With DC Fault Blocking Capability for HVDC Transmission

Bieber, Levi; Wang, Liwei; Li, Wei

doi:10.1109/oajpe.2020.2976889

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It is noted that 𝑣𝑣 FC,𝑗𝑗 charge of (11) does not appear in (10) unless 𝐸𝐸 ≡ 1, i.e., during the FC energization process. The energization process requires the switches to be closed, i.e., 𝑆𝑆 = 1, such that 𝑏𝑏 = 0 when 𝐸𝐸 = 1.…”

Section: B 2 B Universal Equivalent Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During DC-side faults, the expressions of phase voltages from (9) changes to (10) since once the DC fault is detected, the five-level converter portion of the H5LC is blocked such that the six-pulse diode bridge begins to conduct. The steps for DC fault blocking are outlined in Section II-C, where the blocking flag, 𝑏𝑏, triggers the switches 𝑆𝑆 to open until the energization process begins.…”

Section: A 1 1 B 1 1 B H5lc-uem DC Fault Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the MMC has substantial energy storage requirements in its SMs compared to other recently proposed multilevel converters, which impacts its size. The two recently proposed multilevel converters are the extended-overlap alternate-arm converter [9] and the thyristor-based hybrid three-level converter [10], which respectively require 60.4% and 77% less energy storage than the MMC. These converters are operationally identical to the MMC from a systems-level perspective, but have inherent DC fault-blocking capability, higher efficiency, and smaller footprints due to their small energy storage requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Universal Equivalent Model for Real-Time CPU/FPGA Co-Simulation of Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Converters

et al. 2023

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Accurate and computationally-efficient real-time simulation plays a key role in rapid control prototyping (RCP) of VSC-HVDC converters for their reliable operations in power grids. Hardware-in-theloop (HIL) based converter controller designs can be facilitated by real-time simulation to achieve the desirable responses of controller throughout all operating conditions. Although common for modular multilevel converters (MMCs), the real-time simulation approach has been scarcely applied to the new class of hybrid cascaded multilevel converters (HCMCs). In this paper, a computationally-efficient and accurate universal equivalent model (UEM) is proposed for a wide range of HCMC topologies, based on CPU and field-programmable gate array (FPGA) co-simulation. The hybrid five-level converter (H5LC), a novel DCfault tolerant, compact, and efficient VSC in the family of HCMCs, is used to derive the proposed UEM. The UEM utilizes CPUs to simulate the main circuits and controls of the main converter and employs an FPGA for calculation of the instantaneous voltage of very large number of full-bridge submodules (FBSMs), flying capacitors, and DC-side pole capacitors. Moreover, the FBSMs' voltage-balancing and switching algorithms are also implemented on FPGA. The proposed real-time CPU/FPGA-based H5LC-UEM is compared to the offline CPU-based detailed equivalent model to verify the new model and its numerical accuracy.INDEX TERMS FPGA, hybrid multilevel converter, modular multilevel converter (MMC), rapid control prototyping (RCP), real-time simulation, voltage-source converter high voltage direct current (VSC -HVDC).

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Section: B 2 B Universal Equivalent Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A 1 1 B 1 1 B H5lc-uem DC Fault Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Universal Equivalent Model for Real-Time CPU/FPGA Co-Simulation of Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Converters

et al. 2023

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A Step‐by‐Step Approach for Replacing Si‐IGBTs With SiC‐MOSFETs Modules in Industrial Power Converters

Prado,

Bolsi,

Sartori

et al. 2024

Circuit Theory & Apps

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This work presents a step‐by‐step approach for replacing Si‐IGBTs with SiC‐MOSFETs modules in a 9‐kW commercial double‐conversion UPS. Incremental modifications are applied to the original system, considering variations in switching frequency and evaluating its influence on losses and total volume. Through the use of Si‐IGBT transistors and redesigning the system, the volume and losses are analyzed for switching frequencies between 10 and 17 kHz. The IGBT showed limitations around 17 kHz, with high losses due to tail current. With SiC‐MOSFETs, the switching frequency is increased, resulting in smaller filter volumes. The SiC module allowed operation at frequencies in the tens and hundreds of kHz, with relatively low switching losses, which significantly reduced the volume of filters and heat transfer systems. These technological advancements resulted in reductions of up to 78% in the total volume and improved efficiency, enabling operation at lower temperatures and potentially increasing the lifetime of components.

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A New Enhanced Microstrip Patch Antenna with Circular Polarization for mobile applications

Ait Lahcen,

Chabaa,

Ibnyaich

et al. 2024

ITM Web Conf.

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This study shows an enhanced octagonal circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna, This one appropriate for mobile applications, such as wireless applications, especially for WIMAX, and 5G mid-band. A single-port excitation approach is utilized to obtain the intended outcome. The substrate used is Rogers RT/duroid 5880 with a relative permittivity of 2.2 and a low loss tangent (0.0009). The antenna’s dimensions are optimized with the final design measuring 32 × 35 × 1.67 mm3. To generate the circular polarization a square slot is cuted, and two stubs are inserted in the opposite corners of the ground plane. A good result is achieved, for the reflection coefficient, we have a bandwidth (< -10 dB) of 1.29 GHz (2.8 GHz-4.09 GHz) and the bandwidth of the Axial ratio (AR) below 3 dB is 500 MHz (3.33 GHz−3.83 GHz). (CST) and (HFSS) softwares were used to calculate all obtained results. This microstrip antenna has a tiny dimension, it is simple to fabricate and has a lightweight, it has high performance, such as a wide band of the reflection coefficient of 1.29 GHz, also, its circular polarization makes it ideal for mobile applications, particularly WIMAX and 5G mid-band.

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A Low-Loss Thyristor-Based Hybrid Three-Level and Modular Multilevel Converter With DC Fault Blocking Capability for HVDC Transmission

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Universal Equivalent Model for Real-Time CPU/FPGA Co-Simulation of Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Converters

Universal Equivalent Model for Real-Time CPU/FPGA Co-Simulation of Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Converters

A Step‐by‐Step Approach for Replacing Si‐IGBTs With SiC‐MOSFETs Modules in Industrial Power Converters

A New Enhanced Microstrip Patch Antenna with Circular Polarization for mobile applications

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