A low-molecular weight chick brain-derived growth factor is mitogenic for cultured astroglia from the chick embryo

Carlone, Robert L.; Waters, B.W.; Leonard, Sean; Vijh, K. M.

doi:10.1016/0165-3806(88)90070-3

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The experiments reported here used early astroblast cultures in which the majority of the cultured cells had not yet become GFAP( + ) (Carlone et al, 1988). However, guanosine and its nucleotides also stimulated proliferation of GFAP( + ) astrocytes in older cultures (Rathbone et al, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Astroblast-like cells were isolated from 1 O-day-old white Leghorn chick embryo brains as previously described (Carlone et al, 1987(Carlone et al, , 1988. Chick embryos were decapitated, their brains separated, and the meninges removed.…”

Section: Preparation Of Astroblast-like Cells From Chick Brainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cells used in these studies had the flat polygonal shape of glial precursor cells described by Sensenbrenner (1 977). To determine if the cultured cells were astroblasts the cells were stained for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as previously described (Carlone et al, 1988). As previously reported (Carlone et al, 1988) after cultures of presumptive astroblasts were incubated for 7 days in medium containing 10% FBS, over 90% of the cells stained positive for GFAP, a marker for cells of astrocytic lineage.…”

Section: Preparation Of Astroblast-like Cells From Chick Brainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine if the cultured cells were astroblasts the cells were stained for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as previously described (Carlone et al, 1988). As previously reported (Carlone et al, 1988) after cultures of presumptive astroblasts were incubated for 7 days in medium containing 10% FBS, over 90% of the cells stained positive for GFAP, a marker for cells of astrocytic lineage. Since GFAP may be present in astroblasts, astrocytes and senescent astrocytes these cells are best termed astroblast-like cells.…”

Section: Preparation Of Astroblast-like Cells From Chick Brainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Purinergic stimulation of astroblast proliferation: Guanosine and its nucleotides stimulate cell division in chick astroblasts

Kim

Rathbone

Middlemiss

et al. 1991

J of Neuroscience Research

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A highly active fraction that was mitogenic for astroblasts but which contained no amino acids was identified during the purification of peptides from chick embryo brains. This material was purified by ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration through Diaflo PM-30 and YM-2 membranes and retention on Diaflo YC-05, followed by ion exchange chromatography and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a C18 Deltapak column. On thin layer chromatography and HPLC the material co-chromatographed with authentic commercially-obtained GMP. Its ultraviolet absorption spectrum was also identical with that of GMP. 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the isolated material were identical with those of GMP. The close match between the fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectra of the unknown material and authentic GMP indicated that the unknown material was GMP of molecular weight 363 Da. Authentic, commercial GMP stimulated the growth of cultured chick astroblasts in the same dose-dependent manner as the material from chick embryo brains; maximal stimulation was at 50 microM. Guanosine, GDP, and GTP also stimulated cell proliferation. The nucleotides were equally as effective as guanosine. 5'-Guanylyl imidodiphosphate, guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate), and guanosine 5'-N-(3-thiotriphosphate), guanine nucleotides which are relatively resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis, were also mitogenic, indicating that the nucleotides do not need to be degraded to nucleosides to be active and that they probably act extracellularly. Guanine nucleosides and nucleotides promoted astroblast growth when other growth factors were removed from the culture medium. The mitogenic effects of guanosine and its nucleotides were inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by micromolar concentrations of theophylline, a characteristic of phenomena mediated by purinergic receptors. Guanosine and its nucleotides are released in micromolar concentrations by hypoxic or dying cells. Under these circumstances these compounds may stimulate division of adjacent cells in vivo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Astroblast-like Cells From Chick Brainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Astroblast-like Cells From Chick Brainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Astroblast-like Cells From Chick Brainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Purinergic stimulation of astroblast proliferation: Guanosine and its nucleotides stimulate cell division in chick astroblasts

Kim

Rathbone

Middlemiss

et al. 1991

J of Neuroscience Research

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“…The cells were subcultured as they became confluent and were used in the assays after 2-3 subcultures -about 2 weeks. As previously reported the cells had the morphological appearance of astrocytes and over 95% of them stained positively for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), characteristic of astroglia (20,5).…”

Section: Preparation Of Chick Brain Astrocytesmentioning

confidence: 53%

Astroglial growth factors in normal human brain and brain tumors: comparison with embryonic brain

et al. 1992

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Aqueous extracts of 18-day embryonic chicken brains, 15-day embryonic and adult rat brains and human brain tumors, as well as control histologically-normal adult human brain taken from around brain tumors or around arteriovenous malformations each stimulated the growth of cultured chick astrocytes. Eight mitogenic fractions were separated reproducibly by Bio-Gel P-10 molecular seive chromatography. They had apparent molecular weights (M.W.) of 24, 17, 12, 9, 5, 2.8, 1.4 and 1.2 kD. The activity of each fraction was concentration dependent. The fractions did not appear to be artifactually derived by proteolysis from a larger mitogen since (i) protease inhibitors were added at the time of homogenization to prevent degradation, (ii) protease treatment did not produce large quantities of the lower molecular weight fractions, (iii) incubation of brain extracts for up to four hours at 30 degrees C did not alter the activity of the various mitogenic fractions and (iv) addition of albumin to inhibit protease activity similarly did not change the profile of the factors. In contrast, treatment with protease reduced the activity of all the factors although those with M.W. of 5 and 1.2 kD were inactivated more slowly than the others. The various fractions were stable when rechromatographed. This suggested they were not chance aggregates derived artifactually during extraction but rather might have physiological and pathological roles. The activities of each mitogenic fraction were significantly higher in brain extracts from embryonic rats than in those from adult rats. In brain extracts of rat and chicken embryos the fractions of lower M.W. 5 kD to 1.2 kD were relatively abundent. In contrast in brain extracts from adult rats the predominant mitogenic fractions had apparent M.W. of 24, 17 and 12 kD. In histologically normal adult human brain taken from around the tumors or around arteriovenous malformations the 5 kD fraction was present in small amounts and the fractions of lower molecular weight were present in very small amounts. In human glial brain tumors there was a preponderance of the 5 kD activity and more of the 2.8 and 1.4 kD activity fractions than in histologically normal adult human brain. But there was relatively less activity in the 24 and 17 kD fractions. The growth factor profile of human meningiomas was quite different from that of histologically normal human brain or human glial brain tumors. The fraction from meningiomas that was most mitogenic for astrocytes had a molecular weight of 12 kD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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In Vitro Effects of a Mitogenic Factor on Xenopus Laevis Forelimb Regeneration

Tsilfidis

Liversage

1989

Recent Trends in Regeneration Research

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A low-molecular weight chick brain-derived growth factor is mitogenic for cultured astroglia from the chick embryo

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Purinergic stimulation of astroblast proliferation: Guanosine and its nucleotides stimulate cell division in chick astroblasts

Purinergic stimulation of astroblast proliferation: Guanosine and its nucleotides stimulate cell division in chick astroblasts

Astroglial growth factors in normal human brain and brain tumors: comparison with embryonic brain

In Vitro Effects of a Mitogenic Factor on Xenopus Laevis Forelimb Regeneration

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