A low-power digitally closed-loop electrical stimulator suited for low-pulse-width-stimulation

Abstract

In this paper, a low-power and precise electrical stimulator is introduced in which no operational amplifier (OPAMP) is used. For electrical stimulations that have low pulse width, an OPAMP with high slew rate is needed which is power consuming. In this work, the OPAMP is substituted with a digital circuitry. A 100 KHz clock is also used to update the current of the stimulator in the stimulation phases in order to make the stimulator accurate enough. Producing such a clock needs only few micro watts. This stimulator is simulated in a 0.18 μm CMOS process, as well. The simulation results shows that this stimulator has only 0.056% charge mismatch in 1 mA stimulation current with a pulse width of 32 μs.

Three Patterns Programmable Russian Form Functional Electrical Stimulator

“…In order to investigate the effect of such alternating electrical stiumulaiton, comparison to other wave forms were made in these researches [17][18]. Other forms of electrical stimulaitons have also been developed [2], [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In terms of charge, phase, and form, the developed electrical stimulations can be classified as it is shown in Table 1.…”

“…Electrical stimulators are designed and developed in previous studies [2], [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. A microcontroller is used for the generation of a electrical stimulation in [2], [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

“…A microcontroller is used for the generation of a electrical stimulation in [2], [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The convenience of micro-contrllers have made these devices also popular in other applications [14][15].…”

Three Patterns Programmable Russian Form Functional Electrical Stimulator

“…In order to investigate the effect of such alternating electrical stiumulaiton, comparison to other wave forms were made in these researches [17][18]. Other forms of electrical stimulaitons have also been developed [2], [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In terms of charge, phase, and form, the developed electrical stimulations can be classified as it is shown in Table 1.…”

“…Electrical stimulators are designed and developed in previous studies [2], [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. A microcontroller is used for the generation of a electrical stimulation in [2], [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The convenience of micro-contrllers have made these devices also popular in other applications [14][15].…”