A LTE smartphone antenna with an internal matching circuit to cover 698-2710 MHz

Abstract

effect and limited resolution, we can observe the similarity between the original DEM and the simulated DEM. With improved resolution, the root mean square (RMS) error to the true DEM has been decreased by 23% compared to the DEM without SAR technique. | M A T C H I N G P E R F O R M A N C EWith the simulated image, the template matching is carried out for the localization of the platform as shown in Figure 6. Template matching is a process used to locate the matching point of a sub-image in a large reference image. Thus, the position estimation of the platform is equivalent to find the matching point of the simulated image within the large reference DEM. We used the normalized cross-correlation to measure the similarity of two DEMs. The grid size of the reference DEM was 501 by 501 and the size of the simulated DEM was 101 by 101. The matching error was 67 m (2.23 pixel points) while the matching error was 238 m with the DEM constructed without SAR. Therefore, the employment of SAR can improve the matching error has been decreased $71%. | C O N C L U S I O NThis letter proposed a SAR-based method to improve the cross-range resolution of a DEM when measured by a radar system in an airborne platform. Through the SAR technique, we could obtain a DEM with improved cross-range resolution. The RMS error between the simulated DEM and the true DEM was decreased by 23%. As a result, the position estimation of the platform using a normalized crosscorrelation was increased by 71%. This technique can be used for the improved performance of the TRN.

Four port tri-circular ring MIMO antenna with wide-band characteristics for future 5G and mmWave applications

“…[10] . Several designs in [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] and [28] have been presented; each design addresses the issues and challenges efficiently. In [11] , a compact antenna is presented with minimum transmission line losses.…”

“…However, no specific solution is proposed for 5G MIMO applications. Furthermore, the research presented in [21] also offers commendable performance characteristics, including high gain and broad bandwidth, specifically catering to the desired frequencies of both 4G and 5G. However, it is worth noting that the investigation of MIMO configuration is not included in the 4G and 5G designs proposed in the study.…”

Dual-Band MIMO Prototype in the Sub-6 GHz Integrated With mm-Wave Arrays: Ensuring Beamforming and Safety Measures

“…However, addressing isolation between multiple antennas becomes crucial and degrades device performance. Consequently, designing MIMO antenna arrays with high isolation, gain, and bandwidth necessitates the adoption of various isolation reduction techniques [11]. Therefore, designing multiband intrinsically isolated MIMO antenna systems is crucial.…”

Design of an Integrated Sub-6 GHz and mmWave MIMO Antenna for 5G Handheld Devices

“…The antenna arrays are suitable to achieve high gain, while MIMO technologies can help us achieve higher capacity with high data rates and multiple Gbps throughput [8][9][10]. However, the isolation between multiple antennas may affect the device performance; thus, to design MIMO antenna arrays with high isolation, high gain and wider bandwidth, researchers had to adopt various isolation reduction techniques [11][12][13].…”