A MADS domain gene involved in the transition to flowering in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Borner, Rony; Kampmann, Grit; Chandler, John W.; Gleissner, Roland; Wisman, Ellen; Apel, Klaus; Melzer, Siegbert

doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2000.00906.x

Cited by 346 publications

(330 citation statements)

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“…For RT-PCR, we isolated total RNA from lower stem parts of Col-0 and Sy-0 plants and prepared cDNA as previously described 7 . Quantitative real-time PCR was run on an iCycler (BioRad).…”

Section: Seeds Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FUL has been described for its role in fruit dehiscence 12 , but as SOC1 and FUL also interact in yeast two-hybrid experiments as homo-and heterodimers 13 , FUL might have additional functions that may be in part redundant to those of SOC1 in areas of overlapping expression. The soc1 mutants flower significantly later in long and short days, whereas ful mutants are only slightly delayed [7][8][9]12 ( Table 1). Flowering in double mutants with different combinations of soc1 and ful mutant alleles was further delayed only in long-day conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SOC1 (AGL20) and FUL (AGL8) are MADS box genes acting downstream of FT in apical meristems, but they are already expressed in leaves-independently of FT-during the vegetative phase. Early upon floral induction SOC1 and FUL are induced in apical meristems, and, later on, both genes are also expressed in procambial strands of developing inflorescences [6][7][8][9][10][11] . FUL has been described for its role in fruit dehiscence 12 , but as SOC1 and FUL also interact in yeast two-hybrid experiments as homo-and heterodimers 13 , FUL might have additional functions that may be in part redundant to those of SOC1 in areas of overlapping expression.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Flowering-time genes modulate meristem determinacy and growth form in Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2008

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Plants have evolved annual and perennial life forms as alternative strategies to adapt reproduction and survival to environmental constraints. In isolated situations, such as islands, woody perennials have evolved repeatedly from annual ancestors 1 . Although the molecular basis of the rapid evolution of insular woodiness is unknown, the molecular difference between perennials and annuals might be rather small, and a change between these life strategies might not require major genetic innovations 2,3 . Developmental regulators can strongly affect evolutionary variation 4 and genes involved in meristem transitions are good candidates for a switch in growth habit. We found that the MADS box proteins SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) and FRUITFULL (FUL) not only control flowering time, but also affect determinacy of all meristems. In addition, downregulation of both proteins established phenotypes common to the lifestyle of perennial plants, suggesting their involvement in the prevention of secondary growth and longevity in annual life forms.Plant growth originates from a small number of undifferentiated cells called meristems. Primary meristems are established during embryogenesis and form primary tissues from which all plant organs develop. Secondary meristems, such as axillary meristems and the cambium, originate within primary tissues. Meristems can be determinate-that is, consumed for the formation of an organ-or indeterminate, meaning that they are active throughout the life span of a plant. Upon floral induction in annual plants, vegetative shoot meristems undergo the transition to inflorescence meristems. These inflorescence meristems will remain indeterminate for some time to generate determinate floral meristems giving rise to flowers. Finally, all meristems are consumed and the plants die in the same growing season. In contrast, perennial plants have evolved more elaborate life strategies to survive harsh environmental conditions for many years by forming perennial structures such as overwintering buds, bulbs or tubers, which contain at least one indeterminate meristem for the outgrowth in the next season 2 . Often, perennial plants incorporate enormous amounts of long-lived and eventually dead biomass (wood) through cambial activity (secondary growth).Arabidopsis thaliana is a small annual herb in which floral induction is controlled by different flowering-time pathways. These pathways depend on environmental cues, such as day length (photoperiod) and vernalization (cold temperature), or on plant age. Arabidopsis is a facultative long-day plant that flowers much faster under long (16 h/day) than short (8 h/day) light periods. After perceiving flowering-inducing long days, the key regulator of the photoperiodic pathway, CONSTANS (CO), activates FT (FLOWERING LOCUS T) in the leaf vasculature. The FT protein is transported to apical meristems, where it triggers the floral transition 5 . SOC1 (AGL20) and FUL (AGL8) are MADS box genes acting downstream of FT in apical meristems, but they are ...

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“…For RT-PCR, we isolated total RNA from lower stem parts of Col-0 and Sy-0 plants and prepared cDNA as previously described 7 . Quantitative real-time PCR was run on an iCycler (BioRad).…”

Section: Seeds Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flowering-time genes modulate meristem determinacy and growth form in Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2008

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“…This group includes two genes that promote flowering, FLOWER-ING LOCUS T (FT) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREX-PRESSION OF CO 1 (SOC1) and LEAFY, a gene encoding a transcription factor required to confer floral identity on developing floral primordia. FT encodes a protein with similarity to RAF kinase inhibitors of animals (Kardailsky et al 1999;Kobayashi et al 1999) whereas SOC1 encodes a MADS box transcription factor (Borner et al 2000;Lee et al 2000;Samach et al 2000). Mutations in each of these genes delay flowering, whereas their overexpression from the viral CaMV 35S promoter causes extreme early flowering.…”

Section: Molecular-genetics In Arabidopsis : Identification Of a Regumentioning

confidence: 99%

Gibberellins and the floral transition in Sinapis alba

Corbesier

Kustermans

Périlleux

et al. 2004

Physiologia Plantarum

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In many plants the transition from vegetative growth to flowering is controlled by environmental cues. One of these cues is day length or photoperiod, which synchronizes flowering of many species with the changing seasons. Recently, advances have been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms that confer photoperiodic control of flowering and, in particular, how inductive events occurring in the leaf, where photoperiod is perceived, are linked to floral evocation that takes place at the shoot apical meristem. We discuss recent data obtained using molecular genetic approaches on the function of regulatory proteins that control flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana . These data are compared with the results of physiological analyses of the floral transition, which were performed in a range of species and directed towards identification of the transmitted floral singals.

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“…SaMADSA is believed to be a critical gene for floral evocation in S. alba since (i) it is the ortholog of the A. thaliana SOC1 gene, which is considered as a part of a transcriptional cascade ultimately leading to activation of the floral meristem identity genes LFY and AP1, in the SAM (Borner et al 2000;Lee et al 2000;Samach et al 2000); and (ii) constitutive expression of SaMADSA greatly hastens flowering in A. thaliana in both LDs and SDs and causes photoperiod-independent flowering in the strict SD plant Maryland Mammoth tobacco (Bonhomme et al 2000;Borner et al 2000).…”

Section: Geometric Alterations To the Csf During The Floral Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The shoot apical meristem of Sinapis alba L. expands its central symplasmic field during the floral transition

Orménèse

Havelange

Bernier

et al. 2002

Planta

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The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is functionally subdivided into zones with distinct tasks. During vegetative growth the peripheral zone of the meristem gives rise to leaf primordia that develop into dorsiventral leaves under the influence of signals from the central zone. During the floral transition the function of the SAM is altered and its peripheral zone starts to form floral structures in a specific pattern. This requires alterations in the signal networks that coordinate the activities of the peripheral and central zone of the SAM. These signal networks are partly housed in the symplasmic space of the SAM. Dye-coupling experiments demonstrate that in the superficial layer of the Sinapis alba meristem this space is radially subdivided. The cells of the central zone are coupled into a symplasmic field, which is shielded from the peripheral zone by the positional closing of plasmodesmata. In the vegetative meristems, most of these central symplasmic fields have a triangular geometry and are relatively small in size. Plants that are induced to flower by exposure to a single long day alter the geometry as well as the size of their central symplasmic field. After two subsequent days under short photoperiod the central symplasmic fields exhibit a circular form. Simultaneously, their size strongly increases both in an absolute sense and relative to the enlarging meristem. The geometric change in the fields is hypothesized to be due to recruitment of extra initial cells, required to support the increase in phyllotactic complexity. The proportional increase in field size is interpreted as an adjustment in the balance between the central and peripheral zone of the SAM, accompanying the shift from leaf production to flower formation.

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A MADS domain gene involved in the transition to flowering in Arabidopsis

Cited by 346 publications

References 40 publications

Flowering-time genes modulate meristem determinacy and growth form in Arabidopsis thaliana

Flowering-time genes modulate meristem determinacy and growth form in Arabidopsis thaliana

Gibberellins and the floral transition in Sinapis alba

The shoot apical meristem of Sinapis alba L. expands its central symplasmic field during the floral transition

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