A magnetic double-shell microsphere as a highly efficient reusable catalyst for catalytic applications

Abstract

A novel magnetic double-shell Fe3O4@TiO2/Au@Pd@TiO2 microsphere composed of a Fe3O4 core and double TiO2 shells with Au and Pd nanoparticles encapsulated is created. The microsphere can be used as a highly efficient reusable catalyst with superior catalytic activity and stability and magnetic separable capability in reduction of 4-nitrophenol.

Basic concepts and recent advances in nitrophenol reduction by gold- and other transition metal nanoparticles

“…Zhang's group synthesized new magnetic double-shell Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 /Au@Pd@TiO 2 microsphere NPs with a magnetic Fe 3 O 4 core and double TiO 2 shells with encapsulated Au and Pd NP [79]. The Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 /Au@Pd@TiO 2 microsphere NPs were successfully formed after several synthetic steps.…”

“…These catalysts show an efficient catalytic activity due to the interaction between the two metals and the 4-NP, and a classic example is found in Ref. [79]. The comparison of various AuNP catalysts of 4-NP reduction is gathered in Table 1.…”

“…The reports on PdNP-catalyzed 4-NP reduction are much less numerous, however, than those using AuNPs [79,[117][118][119][120][121]. In general, the homogeneous PdNP catalysts are considered as being among the most efficient catalysts for various organic reactions with fast reaction rates, high turnover frequency, good selectivity, and high yields [122][123][124][125][126].…”

Pd nanoparticles supported on Fe3O4@amine-functionalized graphene composite and catalytic performance in Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions

“…19-0629). However, no peaks from Pd nanoparticles were detected in the XRD pattern; this indicates that the diffraction peaks of Pd were invisible because of the excellent dispersion of the Pd nanoparticles [35]. Fig.…”

Bactericidal mechanisms of Au@TNBs under visible light irradiation

“…TNBs were synthesized by a hydrothermal process [20] with slight modification, and then Au NPs were deposited on the surface of TNBs via a self-assembly procedure similar to that described in a previous study [21]. The detailed fabrication protocols for TNBs, Au NPs, as well as Au@TNBs fabrication are provided in the Supplementary Information.…”