A mathematical model of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) within-herd outbreaks for economic evaluation of local control strategies: an illustration from a mixed crop-livestock system in Ethiopian highlands

Abstract

-Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a respiratory disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony. CBPP is a major cause for concern in African countries (because of mortality, animal-production losses and cost of control). We present a simulation framework to compare economic efficiency of local (i.e., at the herd level) CBPP-control strategies (vaccination and antibiotic treatments). This framework was illustrated with data from an Ethiopian highlands cattle-smallholder system (Boji district, West Wellega Zone), where veterinary services recently reported CBPP cases and a research programme was set up to estimate the epidemiological parameters of infection spread. With the data considered (low CBPP virulence), antibiotics were the most efficient strategy. A sensitivity analysis should be carried out taking into account all uncertain parameters regarding economic values of costs and benefits, expected effectiveness of animal health interventions, animal production yields and epidemiological patterns of the disease. Our framework can help for decision making in CBPP management and health policy design at herd level. Moreover, any threshold analyses (e.g., value of vaccine cost for a benefit being nil) could easily be implemented. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony.La PPCB est un problème sanitaire majeur dans les pays africains (en raison de la mortalité, des pertes de production et du coût de contrôle). Nous présentons un modèle de simulation permettant de comparer l'efficience économique de stratégies de contrôle (vaccination et traitement antibiotique) au niveau du troupeau. Ce modèle a été illustré avec des données provenant d'un système mixte d'agriculture-élevage dans les hauts plateaux éthiopiens (district de Boji, zone du West Wellega), où des cas de PPCB ont été rapportés par les services vétérinaires et où un programme de recherche a été mis en oeuvre pour estimer les paramètres épidémiologiques de la PPCB. Avec les données considérées (faible virulence de la PPCB), les traitements antibiotiques ont été la stratégie la plus efficiente. Une analyse de sensibilité devra être mise en oeuvre pour prendre en compte l'incertitude des valeurs des paramètres économiques, de production animale et épidémiologiques. Notre modèle de simulation peut aider pour l'aide à la décision dans la gestion de la PPCB et la planification de programmes sanitaires. Le modèle permet aussi d'estimer les limites acceptables du coût des stratégies de contrôle au niveau du troupeau (par exemple le coût du vaccin engendrant un bénéfice nul).péripneumonie contagieuse bovine / stratégies de contrôle / économie / modèle de Markov / Ethiopie

Control of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia: Knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and practices in Narok district of Kenya

“…The fact that pastoralists did not regard treatment with antimicrobials (specifically oxytetracyclines) as a real cure for CBPP was demonstrated by the statements made by the pastoralists about treatment. This study has shown that there may be incorrect use of the antimicrobials as regards the dosages used and the routes and frequencies of treatment as also observed by Twinamasiko (2002) in Uganda and Lesnoff et al (2004) in Ethiopia. There is urgent need to communicate to the pastoralists the correct use of antimicrobials for CBPP control from recent findings of research in new antimicrobials.…”

Analysis of a mathematical model of the dynamics of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

“…A mathematical model of CBPP is also used to compare economic efficiency of local (i.e., at the herd level) CBPP-control strategies (vaccination and antibiotic treatments). A study conducted in Ethiopian highlands cattle-smallholder system (Boji district, West Wellega Zone), with low CBPP virulence, revealed that antibiotics were the most economically efficient strategy than vaccination [4].…”

Transboundary Animal Diseases, an Overview of 17 Diseases with Potential for Global Spread and Serious Consequences

“…Transmission occurs through the inhalation of aerosolized infected droplets [240]. The role of subclinical carriers in transmission is uncertain [255,256]. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp.…”