“…However, there will always be various frost damage problems [1][2][3][4], such as cracking of tunnel opening, pavement freezing (Figure 1(a)), drainage ditch freezing (Figure 1(b)), lining cracking, ice hanging on vaults, ice hanging on side walls, and other problems, during the operation of tunnels, as shown in Table 1. e groundwater, the low temperature, and the frost heave force are three important factors that result in frost damage [1,2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. e most important reason for this damage is that the tunnels in the cold regions are built in the complex geological environments with the freeze-thaw cycles [9].…”