“…Spiritual development can be understood through a variety of models: Eastern, Western, indigenous, philosophical, psychological, and neurobiological (e.g., Friedman, Krippner, Riebel, & Johnson, 2010). Changes related to spiritual development may be gradual (Brown & Engler, 1980;Teklinski, 2018) or rapid (Cheng, 2000;Hastings, 2010;Taylor, 2012aTaylor, , 2012bTaylor, , 2013aTaylor, , 2013b, or some interweaving of the two (Cook, 1983). Sudden psychological change itself is not exclusively spiritual, having been described in a wide variety of contexts (Taylor, 2013a), and frequently associated with mundane or secular activities (Taylor, 2012b).…”