A mechanism for arteriolar remodeling based on maintenance of smooth muscle cell activation

Jacobsen, Jens Christian Brings; Mulvany, Michael J.; Holstein‐Rathlou, Niels‐Henrik

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00407.2007

Cited by 50 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Johnson pointed out that the myogenic response regulates total wall tension [3]. This concept is still in use [158,159]. VanBavel et al [63] and Buus et al [58] pointed out that total wall tension is influenced by vasoactive agents.…”

Section: Small Artery Smc and Matrix Remodelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, assuming a single SMC compartment parallel to the matrix, tone can also be defined as the actual active tension divided by the maximal active tension at the same diameter. Several experimental [63,108,121] and model studies [158,159,169,170] have employed this definition. Figure 2c and d depict radius-tension and pressure-radius curves at various levels of tone according to this definition.…”

Section: Quantitative Approaches To Vascular Remodelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small Artery Remodeling: Current Concepts and Questions

Akker¹,

Schoorl²,

Bakker³

et al. 2009

J Vasc Res

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Blood flow regulation by small arteries and arterioles includes adaptation of both vascular tone and structure. It is becoming clear that tone and remodeling of resistance vessels are highly interrelated. Indeed, concepts pointing to continuous resistance artery adaptation and plasticity are emerging. The purpose of this review is to summarize such concepts and approaches related to vascular organization and remodeling, and to point out the missing links and possible directions for future research. We focus on the individual vessel level. Since several relevant studies are based on isolated vessels, we briefly re-iterate the available isobaric and isometric approaches. We further discuss the major elements of the small artery wall and their relation to the passive and active mechanical properties, as important determinants for vascular remodeling. The cytoskeletal elements and actin re-organization during remodeling are discussed, as well as the re-lengthening of smooth muscle cells during prolonged constriction. We then consider tone as major causal factors in remodeling and discuss the role of vessel wall inflammation. Finally, we illustrate examples of current quantitative, integrative approaches of small artery mechanosensing and adaptation that may lead to a physiomics description of small artery adaptation in health and in diseases such as hypertension.

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Section: Small Artery Smc and Matrix Remodelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quantitative Approaches To Vascular Remodelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Artery Remodeling: Current Concepts and Questions

Akker¹,

Schoorl²,

Bakker³

et al. 2009

J Vasc Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The elastic part is modelled to consist of two components: reflecting that the contribution from the active contractile machinery will decline if the wall is distended beyond a certain point (see fig. 1a of reference [19]). In equation (2.3), the dimensionless parameter c expresses the degree of SMC activation, normalized to lie between 0 and 1.…”

Section: Model Of the Vascular Wallmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The SMC activation giving rise to that basal tone is denoted here as the habitual activation [19]. Supposedly, the habitual activation represents the point where the system operates optimally regarding its ability to regulate local flow acutely.…”

Section: Activation Of the Vascular Wall And Wall Remodellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Restoration of c habitual through eutrophic remodelling: It is assumed that vessels exhibit remodelling responses in order to remain at c habitual in the long run [19]. The remodelling response induced by changes in activation is eutrophic in nature; the same amount of wall material is restructured around a lumen of a different size [21].…”

Section: Activation Of the Vascular Wall And Wall Remodellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Significance of microvascular remodelling for the vascular flow reserve in hypertension

2010

Self Cite

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Vascular flow reserve (VFR) is the relative increase in tissue perfusion from the resting state to a state with maximum vasodilatation. Longstanding hypertension reduces the VFR, which in turn reduces the maximum working capacity of the tissue. In principle, both inward arteriolar remodelling and rarefaction of the microvascular network may contribute to this reduction. These processes are known to occur simultaneously in the microcirculation of the hypertensive individual and both cause a reduction in the luminal trans-sectional area available for perfusion. Which of them is the main factor responsible for the reduction in VFR is, however, not known. Here we present simulations performed on large microvascular networks to assess the VFR in various situations. Particular attention is paid to the VFR in networks in which the vessels have structurally adapted to a sustained increase in pressure by inward eutrophic remodelling (IER), i.e. by redistributing the same amount of wall material around a smaller lumen. Collectively, the results indicate that the IER may not per se be the main factor responsible for the hypertensive reduction in VFR. Rather, it may be explained by the presence of arteriolar and capillary rarefaction.

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Mechanics of Vascular Smooth Muscle

Ratz

2015

Comprehensive Physiology

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Vascular smooth muscle (VSM; see Table 1 for a list of abbreviations) is a heterogeneous biomaterial comprised of cells and extracellular matrix. By surrounding tubes of endothelial cells, VSM forms a regulated network, the vasculature, through which oxygenated blood supplies specialized organs, permitting the development of large multicellular organisms. VSM cells, the engine of the vasculature, house a set of regulated nanomotors that permit rapid stress-development, sustained stress-maintenance and vessel constriction. Viscoelastic materials within, surrounding and attached to VSM cells, comprised largely of polymeric proteins with complex mechanical characteristics, assist the engine with countering loads imposed by the heart pump, and with control of relengthening after constriction. The complexity of this smart material can be reduced by classical mechanical studies combined with circuit modeling using spring and dashpot elements. Evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of VSM requires a more complete understanding of the mechanics and regulation of its biochemical parts, and ultimately, an understanding of how these parts work together to form the machinery of the vascular tree. Current molecular studies provide detailed mechanical data about single polymeric molecules, revealing viscoelasticity and plasticity at the protein domain level, the unique biological slip-catch bond, and a regulated two-step actomyosin power stroke. At the tissue level, new insight into acutely dynamic stress-strain behavior reveals smooth muscle to exhibit adaptive plasticity. At its core, physiology aims to describe the complex interactions of molecular systems, clarifying structure-function relationships and regulation of biological machines. The intent of this review is to provide a comprehensive presentation of one biomachine, VSM.

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A mechanism for arteriolar remodeling based on maintenance of smooth muscle cell activation

Cited by 50 publications

References 48 publications

Small Artery Remodeling: Current Concepts and Questions

Small Artery Remodeling: Current Concepts and Questions

Significance of microvascular remodelling for the vascular flow reserve in hypertension

Mechanics of Vascular Smooth Muscle

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