A mesoscale study of the elemental composition of aerosols emitted from Mt. Etna Volcano

Bergametti, Gilles; Martin, Daniel S.; Carbonnelle, J.; Faivre-Pierret, R.; Sage, R. Vie Le

doi:10.1007/bf01952366

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Fig. 8 demonstrates a general agreement between elemental fluxes estimated in this work and previous assessments (Buat-Ménard and Arnold, 1978;Dedeurwaerder et al, 1982;Quisefit et al, 1982;Bergametti et al, 1984;Martin et al, 1986;Le Guern, 1988;Andres et al, 1993;Gauthier and Le Cloarec, 1998;Aiuppa et al, 2003). For several elements, the 2004-2007 fluxes fall on the lower limit of previous estimates; a trend which is consistent with the results of Gauthier and Le Cloarec (1998), who highlighted great differences in emission rates between eruptive and non-eruptive periods.…”

Section: Etna's Metal Output Into the Atmospheresupporting

confidence: 90%

“…It is no doubt that volcanic emissions are important sources of metal-bearing gases and particles into the atmosphere (Cadle, 1980;Nriagu, 1989;Hinkley et al, 1999;Oppenheimer, 2003;Mather et al, 2003), as demonstrated by metal output inventories evaluated for a number of volcanoes, including Kilauea (Cadle et al, 1973;Crowe et al, 1987;Hinkley et al, 1999), Etna (Buat-Ménard and Arnold, 1978;Quisefit et al, 1982;Bergametti et al, 1984;Pennisi et al, 1988;Andres et al, 1993;Toutain et al, 1995;Gauthier and Le Cloarec, 1998;Aiuppa et al, 2003;Allen et al, 2006; Bagnato 0016-7037/$ -see front matter Ó 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Atmospheric sources and sinks of volcanogenic elements in a basaltic volcano (Etna, Italy)

Calabrese¹,

Aiuppa²,

Allard³

et al. 2011

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

114

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Section: Etna's Metal Output Into the Atmospheresupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Atmospheric sources and sinks of volcanogenic elements in a basaltic volcano (Etna, Italy)

Calabrese¹,

Aiuppa²,

Allard³

et al. 2011

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

114

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“…A similar value was found for Mt. Etna [Bergametti et al, 1984]. We evaluate these assumptions in section 3.2.…”

Section: Volcanic Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Global distribution of atmospheric phosphorus sources, concentrations and deposition rates, and anthropogenic impacts

Mahowald

Jickells

Baker

et al. 2008

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

683

800

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[1] A worldwide compilation of atmospheric total phosphorus (TP) and phosphate (PO 4 ) concentration and deposition flux observations are combined with transport model simulations to derive the global distribution of concentrations and deposition fluxes of TP and PO 4 . Our results suggest that mineral aerosols are the dominant source of TP on a global scale (82%), with primary biogenic particles (12%) and combustion sources (5%) important in nondusty regions. Globally averaged anthropogenic inputs are estimated to be $5 and 15% for TP and PO 4 , respectively, and may contribute as much as 50% to the deposition over the oligotrophic ocean where productivity may be phosphorus-limited. There is a net loss of TP from many (but not all) land ecosystems and a net gain of TP by the oceans (560 Gg P a À1

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“…The first period of degassing produces NaC1 and KC1 as major components and copper and iron chlorides as most abundant traces. Bergametti et al [1986] showed that this secondary reaction does not change the cation distribution in the aerosol. At lower temperatures, NaC1 and KC1 may condense before CuC1 onto the Fe30 4 nuclei, according to [Ammann et al, 1992a].…”

Section: Laboratory Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Photoelectric charging of ultrafine volcanic aerosols: Detection of Cu(I) as a tracer of chlorides in magmatic gases

Ammann¹,

Hauert²,

Burtscher³

et al. 1993

J. Geophys. Res.

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Volcanic gases contain ultrafine aerosol particles in the nanometer size range; typical concentrations are 105 to 106 cm−3. Photoelectric charging of particles (PCP) is an in situ method for the material specific detection of very small particles in a gas. Field studies at degassing lava flows of Mount Etna, Sicily, and Kilauea, Hawaii, show that the chemistry of the ultrafine aerosols depends strongly on the degassing state of the lava. Heating of a relatively undegassed lava sample in the laboratory reveals the chemical nature of the particles that form by nucleation and condensation in the cooling gas. In the initial stages of degassing, the particles are mainly NaCl and KCl nanocrystals that contain iron oxide and copper chloride. Cu is in the monovalent state, which is stable even in an oxidizing environment due to a redox mechanism with the Fe ions. The fraction of Cu(I) in the aerosols is determined by PCP. The evolution of the Cu(I) fraction is considered an effective tracer of chlorides in the magmatic gases and thereby of magma degassing. The PCP technique allows a fingerprint to be obtained of the magmatic gas by an aerosol measurement in the diluted plume.

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A mesoscale study of the elemental composition of aerosols emitted from Mt. Etna Volcano

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

Atmospheric sources and sinks of volcanogenic elements in a basaltic volcano (Etna, Italy)

Atmospheric sources and sinks of volcanogenic elements in a basaltic volcano (Etna, Italy)

Global distribution of atmospheric phosphorus sources, concentrations and deposition rates, and anthropogenic impacts

Photoelectric charging of ultrafine volcanic aerosols: Detection of Cu(I) as a tracer of chlorides in magmatic gases

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