A meta-analysis of the relationship between psychosis and any type of criminal offending, in both men and women

Yee, Natalia; Matheson, Sandra; Korobanova, Daria; Nielssen, Olav; Carr, Vaughan J.; Dean, Kimberlie

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.04.009

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…chizophrenia spectrum disorders are associated with a range of adverse outcomes. These include suicide, 1 premature mortality, 2 experiencing violence 3 and contact with the criminal justice system, 4 and deficits across broader social domains. 5 Perpetration of interpersonal violence is also associated with these diagnoses, an outcome with considerable implications for individuals, families, caregivers, those who experience interpersonal violence, and public services.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Violence Perpetration in Adults and Adolescents From 15 Countries

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IMPORTANCEViolence perpetration outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders contribute to morbidity and mortality at a population level, disrupt care, and lead to stigma.OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk of perpetrating interpersonal violence in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders compared with general population control individuals.DATA SOURCES Multiple databases were searched for studies in any language from January 1970 to March 2021 using the terms violen* or homicid* and psychosis or psychoses or psychotic or schizophren* or schizoaffective or delusional and terms for mental disorders. Bibliographies of included articles were hand searched. STUDY SELECTIONThe study included case-control and cohort studies that allowed risks of interpersonal violence perpetration and/or violent criminality in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders to be compared with a general population group without these disorders. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESISThe study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and the Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) proposal. Two reviewers extracted data. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe main outcome was violence to others obtained either through official records, self-report and/or collateral-report, or medical file review and included any physical assault, robbery, sexual offenses, illegal threats or intimidation, and arson. RESULTSThe meta-analysis included 24 studies of violence perpetration outcomes in 15 countries over 4 decades (N = 51 309 individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders; reported mean age of 21 to 54 years at follow-up; of those studies that reported outcomes separately by sex, there were 19 976 male individuals and 14 275 female individuals). There was an increase in risk of violence perpetration in men with schizophrenia and other psychoses (pooled odds ratio [OR], 4.5; 95% CI, 3.6-5.6) with substantial heterogeneity (I 2 = 85%; 95% CI, 77-91). The risk was also elevated in women (pooled OR, 10.2; 95% CI, 7.1-14.6), with substantial heterogeneity (I 2 = 66%; 95% CI, 31-83). Odds of perpetrating sexual offenses (OR, 5.1; 95% CI, 3.8-6.8) and homicide (OR, 17.7; 95% CI, 13.9-22.6) were also investigated. Three studies found increased relative risks of arson but data were not pooled for this analysis owing to heterogeneity of outcomes. Absolute risks of violence perpetration in register-based studies were less than 1 in 20 in women with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and less than 1 in 4 in men over a 35-year period.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This systematic review and meta-analysis found that the risk of perpetrating violent outcomes was increased in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders compared with community control individuals, which has been confirmed in new population-based longi...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Violence Perpetration in Adults and Adolescents From 15 Countries

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Such relationships can be bidirectional. For instance, some evidence suggests that certain types of mental health disorders, particularly psychosis (Yee et al, 2020), but also depression when mixed with psychopathic traits (Ferguson, 2011) are associated with higher rates of violent behavior. Community mental health rates and their relation with violent crime are likely complex and bidirectional .…”

Section: Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gun ownership, poverty, and mental health associations with crime: A cross-state comparison

Smith¹,

Ferguson²,

Askew

et al. 2021

Criminology & Criminal Justice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Violent crime is a concern in the United States. Past research has suggested different correlates, including poverty, mental health disorders and the presence of guns. One particular theory, named the facilitation hypothesis, states that firearms enhance the power of an aggressor, they reduce the necessity of a physical attack, and encourage those who may not otherwise resort to violence. We look at various social factors and their relationship regarding different indicators of violent crime. We find that at the state level, gun ownership is correlated with violent crimes and income inequality with homicides specifically and we find support for the facilitation hypothesis. Future public policies which target these issues appear likely to bear fruit toward the goal of reducing crime.

show abstract

“…Potential pathways to aggressive behavior include responses to severe positive symptoms, victimization and similar adverse experiences, comorbid antisocial personality traits or disorder and/or substance use disorder, aggressive reactivity due to impaired impulse control as well as decreased ability for emotional processing (5)(6)(7)(8). Due to their higher risk of violent behavior, individuals with SSD are also over-represented in offender populations (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Offenders and non-offenders with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Do they really differ in known risk factors for aggression?

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionIndividuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) have an elevated risk for aggressive behavior, and several factors contributing to this risk have been identified, e. g. comorbid substance use disorders. From this knowledge, it could be inferred that offender patients show a higher expression of said risk factors than non-offender patients. Yet, there is a lack of comparative studies between those two groups, and findings gathered from one of the two are not directly applicable to the other due to numerous structural differences. The aim of this study therefore was to identify key differences in offender patients and non-offender patients regarding aggressive behavior through application of supervised machine learning, and to quantify the performance of the model.MethodsFor this purpose, we applied seven different (ML) algorithms on a dataset comprising 370 offender patients and a comparison group of 370 non-offender patients, both with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder.ResultsWith a balanced accuracy of 79.9%, an AUC of 0.87, a sensitivity of 77.3% and a specificity of 82.5%, gradient boosting emerged as best performing model and was able to correctly identify offender patients in over 4/5 the cases. Out of 69 possible predictor variables, the following emerged as the ones with the most indicative power in distinguishing between the two groups: olanzapine equivalent dose at the time of discharge from the referenced hospitalization, failures during temporary leave, being born outside of Switzerland, lack of compulsory school graduation, out- and inpatient treatment(s) prior to the referenced hospitalization, physical or neurological illness as well as medication compliance.DiscussionInterestingly, both factors related to psychopathology and to the frequency and expression of aggression itself did not yield a high indicative power in the interplay of variables, thus suggesting that while they individually contribute to aggression as a negative outcome, they are compensable through certain interventions. The findings contribute to our understanding of differences between offenders and non-offenders with SSD, showing that previously described risk factors of aggression may be counteracted through sufficient treatment and integration in the mental health care system.

show abstract

A meta-analysis of the relationship between psychosis and any type of criminal offending, in both men and women

Cited by 26 publications

References 28 publications

Association of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Violence Perpetration in Adults and Adolescents From 15 Countries

Association of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Violence Perpetration in Adults and Adolescents From 15 Countries

Gun ownership, poverty, and mental health associations with crime: A cross-state comparison

Offenders and non-offenders with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Do they really differ in known risk factors for aggression?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About