A meta‐population model to predict occurrence and recovery of wolves

Maletzke, Benjamin T.; Wielgus, Robert B.; Pierce, D. John; Martorello, Donald A.; Stinson, Derek W.

doi:10.1002/jwmg.1008

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This likely happened because the majority of cattle depredations in Washington from 2008-2016 occurred on grazing allotments, whereas most cattle depredations in Idaho and Montana occurred on private farms. (Maletzke et al 2016) in Washington, USA. Colors categorize risk by 9-km 2 pixels in five equal-sized bins for (A) county-wide relative cattle abundance and (B) allotment cattle abundance per 933-km 2 hypothetical wolf pack territory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Forecast maps from training models were developed for areas of > 40% probability of wolf habitat occurrence (Maletzke et al 2016) in Washington. The study area (including Idaho, Montana and Washington) covers approximately 302 850 km 2 (-124°50¢56.36²--109°18¢19.66²W, 43°29¢59.56²-49°0¢9²N) and exhibits a wide range of precipitation, topography and vegetation types typically found in the Cascade and northern Rocky Mountain ranges and the Columbia and Snake River Basins.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After these exclusions, the total area of forecasted cattle depredation risk by wolves was 51 174 km 2 (or 29.7% of the total land area in Washington). Because this analysis was at the scale of a wolf pack territory, we calculated the probability of a cattle depredation for each pixel on a 933-km 2 grid of hypothesized wolf pack territories (Maletzke et al 2016) and used an 8.60-km 2 moving window (half the radius of a hypothesized wolf pack territory) to average cattle depredation risk for each 9-km 2 pixel.…”

Section: Analysis and Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forecasting cattle depredation risk by recolonizing gray wolves

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis and Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forecasting cattle depredation risk by recolonizing gray wolves

et al. 2018

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“…Canis lupus are returning to regions of Scandinavia (Wabakken, Sand, Liberg, & Bjärvall, 2001) and the United States (Maletzke, Wielgus, Pierce, Martorello, & Stinson, 2016), bald eagles Haliaeetus leucocephalus to North America (Mougeot et al, 2013;Watts, Therres, & Byrd, 2008), peregrine falcons Falco peregrinus to Great Britain (McGrady et al, 2017), wild dogs Lycaon pictus to Africa (Woodroffe, 2011) and saltwater crocodiles Crocodylus porosus to northern Australia (Fukuda et al, 2011). Despite these conservation successes, the continued recovery of these species remains tied to ongoing management (Foin et al, 1998;Scott et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing individual nests promotes population recovery of a top predator

Cruz

Windels

Thogmartin

et al. 2018

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Threatened species are managed using diverse conservation tactics implemented at multiple scales ranging from protecting individuals, to populations, to entire species. Individual protection strives to promote recovery at the population‐ or species‐level, although this is seldom evaluated. After decades of widespread declines, bald eagles, Haliaeetus leucocephalus, are recovering throughout their range due to legal protection and pesticide bans. However, like other raptors, their recovery remains threatened by human activities. Bald eagle nests are commonly managed using buffer zones to minimize human disturbance, but the benefits of this practice remain unquantified. Within Voyageurs National Park (VNP), Minnesota, USA, managers have monitored bald eagle populations for over 40 years, and since 1991, have protected at‐risk nests from human disturbance using buffer zones (200 and 400 m radius). We aimed to (1) quantify the recovery of bald eagles in VNP (1973–2016), and (2) provide a first‐ever evaluation of the individual‐ and population‐level effects of managing individual nests. To do so, we developed Bayesian Integrated Population Models combining observations of nest occupancy and reproductive output (metrics commonly collected for raptors) to estimate nest‐level probabilities of occupancy, nest success, and high productivity (producing ≥2 nestlings), as well as population‐level estimates of abundance and growth. The breeding population of bald eagles at VNP increased steadily from <10 pairs in the late 1970s to 48 pairs by 2016. At the nest‐level, management significantly improved occupancy and success. At the population‐level, management led to 8% and 13% increases in nest success and productivity rates, respectively, resulting in a 37% increase in breeding pair abundance. Synthesis and applications. There is a clear need to evaluate how management approaches at multiple scales assist in species recovery. Our study uses an Integrated Population Model to reveal the population‐level benefits of a widely used, individual‐based management action (protecting nests using buffer zones) on a recovering raptor.

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“…In 2008, gray wolves began naturally recolonizing Washington (USA) from northern Idaho (USA) and southern British Columbia (Canada), and there are now 18 confirmed packs in the state (Jimenez and Becker 2016;Maletzke et al 2016). In areas of Washington colonized by gray wolves, mean home-range size, mean pack size, and pack density are similar to other managed landscapes in neighboring states (Jimenez and Becker 2016;Maletzke et al 2016), but pack size and pack density in these managed areas is low relative to protected areas (Jimenez and Becker 2016). At present, these packs are distributed heterogeneously across eastern Washington, setting the stage for natural experiments examining the effects of wolf recovery on native prey populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of recolonizing gray wolves (Canis lupus) on survival and mortality in two sympatric ungulates

et al. 2018

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There is growing recognition that humans may mediate the strength and nature of the ecological effects of large predators. We took advantage of ongoing gray wolf (Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) recolonization in Washington, USA, to contrast adult survival rates and sources of mortality for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817)) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)) in areas with and without wolf packs in a managed landscape dominated by multiple human uses. We tested the hypothesis that the addition of wolves to the existing predator guild would augment predator-induced mortality rates for both ungulates. Source of mortality data from adult mule deer and white-tailed deer, respectively, revealed that wolf-related mortality was low compared with that inflicted by other predators or humans. Predator-caused mortality was largely confined to winter. There was little effect of wolf presence on adult deer mortality rates, and there was no difference in mortality between the two deer species relative to wolf-free or wolf-occupied sites. Although this study occurred early in wolf recovery in Washington, our results differ from those demonstrated for gray wolves in protected areas. Thus, we encourage further investigation of effects of direct predation by recolonizing large carnivores on prey in human-dominated landscapes.

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A meta‐population model to predict occurrence and recovery of wolves

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Forecasting cattle depredation risk by recolonizing gray wolves

Forecasting cattle depredation risk by recolonizing gray wolves

Managing individual nests promotes population recovery of a top predator

Impacts of recolonizing gray wolves (Canis lupus) on survival and mortality in two sympatric ungulates

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