A Metal Dewar for Liquid Helium

The outer Solar System has many bodies of interest that have continued to captivate the planetary science community, recently Triton, a captured Kuiper belt object (KBO) of Neptune, and Pluto. Limited fly-by observational data shows evidence that nitrogen is the dominant constituent on these two bodies, potentially also existing on other KBOs as well. Current simulations related to answering fundamental science questions and also to develop future mission science packages and vehicles require accurate, reliable thermodynamic, and mechanical property data of solid and gaseous nitrogen at relevant surface and atmospheric conditions. This paper thus presents an exhaustive review of all available experimental N 2 property data dating back to 1887. Each historical study is systematically analyzed and summarized and then the consolidated database is assembled. Comments are made on the validity of data sets, with an emphasis on specific heat capacity at constant pressure and constant volume (C P , C v), thermal conductivity (κ), volume thermal expansion (α V), density (ρ), equilibrium vapor pressure (P vap), heat of sublimation (ΔH S), heat of transition (ΔH T), Gruneisen parameter (γ G), adiabatic and isothermal compressibility (x S , x T) and moduli of elasticity (C 11 , C 12 , C 13 , C 33 , C 44). Results here can be used directly and immediately to perform new simulations on N 2-based bodies as well as to determine gaps in the consolidated database for future experiments.

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“…The cryostat used was of a design similar to Henry and Dolecek (1950). There was an inner LHe pot inside a LN 2 pot separated by a vacuum shield.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Cryogenic Nitrogen Thermomechanical Property Data Relevant to Outer Solar System Bodies

Sagmiller

Hartwig

2020

Earth and Space Science

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“…It is necesi sary to have the noise level not much above the level of the pulse £ I from the smallest unbalance which it is desired to detect. From the above discussion [see equations (34) to (41J], it is seen that, to detect an unbalance of 1% in a sample of susceptibility X ~10" , Eliminating fluctuations is done by using batteries to supply the current to the magnet*. Batteries drift slowly in time but shew little in the way of short time fluctuations.…”

Section: -mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Magnetization of Some Alloys of Nickel and the Collective Electron Theory of Ferromagnetism

Arrott¹

1954

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“…The r ate at which h eat reaches th e shield is (2) whe-re 1'3 is the radius of the outer boundary of th e insLda.tion, k2 is t hg mean thermal conductivity of th e powder in thB temperature range T2 t o T3, and 6.h is the change"of specific en th alpy of the vapor as it is w'armed fi'ofr!! TI to T~.…”

Section: Vapor-refrigera Ted Shieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 This work was supported by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. 2 Figures in brackets illdicatc the literatu re references at tre end of this papcr.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal design of large storage vessels for liquid hydrogen and helium

Scott¹

1957

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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Prin ciples of ins ul atin g vesse l s for t he storage and t ransp or tation of liqu eli ed gases a re d iscussed . The use of s hi elds cooled by t he vap o r leaving t he liquid being sto red is anal yzed , a nd formulas, gr a phs, a nd t a bles are prese nted for t h e conven ience of t h e d esign er of large vessels fo r storin g and t ranspo rting liquid hy drogen and liquid h elium . A n a nalysis is gi ven of t he use of escapin g vapor t o in tercep t h eat en te rin g by condu ction t hro ugh solid s upport ing m embers. The evid en ce presented ind ica tes t hat substan t ia l improv em en ts are possible in t he d esig n of SlI ell Yessels.

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A Metal Dewar for Liquid Helium

Cited by 22 publications

References 2 publications

Survey of Cryogenic Nitrogen Thermomechanical Property Data Relevant to Outer Solar System Bodies

Survey of Cryogenic Nitrogen Thermomechanical Property Data Relevant to Outer Solar System Bodies

The Magnetization of Some Alloys of Nickel and the Collective Electron Theory of Ferromagnetism

Thermal design of large storage vessels for liquid hydrogen and helium

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