A method for estimating blood meal volume in Aedes aegypti using a radioisotope

Redington, Bryce C.; Hockmeyer, Wayne T.

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(76)90079-2

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, excreted watery liquids have been shown to always pass through the MT in adult mosquitoes [1], [5], [30]. Therefore we expect the effects of AQP knockdown in other tissues to be negligible for the outcomes of our in vivo diuresis experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Aquaporin Gene Family of the Yellow Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti

et al. 2010

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BackgroundThe mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is the principal vector of the Dengue and yellow fever viruses. During feeding, an adult female can take up more than its own body weight in vertebrate blood. After a blood meal females excrete large amounts of urine through their excretion system, the Malpighian tubules (MT). Diuresis starts within seconds after the mosquito starts feeding. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of membrane transporters that regulate the flow of water, glycerol and other small molecules across cellular membranes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Our aim was to identify aquaporins that function as water channels, mediating transcellular water transport in MTs of adult female Ae. aegypti.Methodology/Principal FindingsUsing a bioinformatics approach we screened genome databases and identified six putative AQPs in the genome of Ae. aegypti. Phylogenetic analysis showed that five of the six Ae. aegypti AQPs have high similarity to classical water-transporting AQPs of vertebrates. Using microarray, reverse transcription and real time PCR analysis we found that all six AQPs are expressed in distinct patterns in mosquito tissues/body parts. AaAQP1, 4, and 5 are strongly expressed in the adult female MT. RNAi-mediated knockdown of the MT-expressed mosquito AQPs resulted in significantly reduced diuresis.Conclusions/SignificanceOur results support the notion that AQP1, 4, and 5 function as water transporters in the MTs of adult female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Our results demonstrate the importance of these AQPs for mosquito diuresis after blood ingestion and highlight their potential as targets for the development of novel vector control strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Aquaporin Gene Family of the Yellow Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti

et al. 2010

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“…The amount of blood taken by a proportion of the mosquitoes was estimated by gravimetric analysis. This method has the disadvantage that it could underestimate blood meal size (Redington & Hockmeyer, 1976) because it does not account for the changes in blood meal size that occur as a result of excretion of water and salts during (pre-diuresis) and after feeding (diuresis). However, the method is simple and non-lethal and as the amount of fluid excreted is directly related to the amount of blood ingested (Nijhout & Carrow, 1978), the overall increase in weight resulting from blood feeding can be used as an indicator of blood meal size.…”

Section: Mosquitoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extent of digestion affects the success of amplifying human DNA from blood meals of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae)

Mukabana

Takken

Seda

et al. 2002

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The success of distinguishing blood meal sources of Anopheles gambiae Giles through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) profiling was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification at the TC-11 and VWA human short tandem repeats (STR) loci. Blood meal size and locus had no significant effect on the success of amplifying human DNA from blood meals digested for 0, 8, 16, 24 and 32 h (P = 0.85 and 0.26 respectively). However, logistic regression found a significant negative relationship between time since ingestion and the success probability of obtaining positive PCR products among meals digested for between 8 and 32 h (P = 0.001). Approximately 80% of fresh blood meals were successfully profiled. After 8 h, the proportion of blood meals that could be successfully profiled decreased slowly with time after ingestion, dropping to below 50% after approximately 15 h. There was no significant difference in the success of amplifying human DNA from blood meals of mosquitoes killed at time 0 and 8 h after ingestion (P = 0.272).

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“…In terrestrial arthropods, many studies have quantified the gut volumes of blood feeders to better understand their biology. Examples of those that ingest amounts relatively similar to that of gnathiids are the juveniles of some ticks (0·78–4·5 mm 3 ) (de Freitas & da Silveira Guedes, 1961; Koch & Sauer, 1984) and some mosquitoes (1–6 mm 3 ) (Boorman, 1960; Redington & Hockmeyer, 1976; Ichimori, 1989). In the sea, the amount of blood removed from fishes by an ectoparasite has only been quantified in detail for sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis , which feed by rasping the surface of their host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between gnathiid isopods, cleaner fish and other fishes on Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef

Grutter

2008

Journal of Fish Biology

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The rate of emergence of micropredatory gnathiid isopods from the benthos, the proportion of emerging gnathiids potentially eaten by Labroides dimidiatus, and the volume of blood that gnathiids potentially remove from fishes (using gnathiid gut volume) were determined. The abundance (mean AE S.E.) of emerging gnathiids was 41Á7 AE 6Á9 m À2 day À1 and 4552 AE 2632 reef À1 day À1 (reefs 91-125 m 2 ). The abundance of emerging gnathiids per fish on the reef was 4Á9 AE 0Á8 day À1 ; but excluding the rarely infested pomacentrid fishes, it was 20Á9 AE 3Á8 day À1 . The abundance of emerging gnathiids per patch reef was 66 AE 17% of the number of gnathiids that all adult L. dimidiatus per reef eat daily while engaged in cleaning behaviour. If all infesting gnathiids subsequently fed on fish blood, their total gut volume per reef area would be 17Á4 AE 5Á6 mm 3 m À2 day À1 ; and per fish on the reefs, it would be 2Á3 AE 0Á5 mm À3 fish À1 day À1 and 10Á3 AE 3Á1 mm 3 fish À1 day À1 (excluding pomacentrids). The total gut volume of gnathiids infesting caged (137 mm standard length, L S ) and removed from wild (100-150 mm L S ) Hemigymnus melapterus by L. dimidiatus was 26Á4 AE 24Á6 mm 3 day À1 and 53Á0 AE 9Á6 mm 3 day À1 , respectively. Using H. melapterus (137 mm L S , 83 g) as a model, gnathiids had the potential to remove, 0Á07, 0Á32, 0Á82 and 1Á63% of the total blood volume per day of each fish, excluding pomacentrids, caged H. melapterus and wild H. melapterus, respectively. In contrast, emerging gnathiids had the potential of removing 155% of the total blood volume of Acanthochromis polyacanthus (10Á7 mm L S , 0Á038 g) juveniles. That L. dimidiatus eat more gnathiids per reef daily than were sampled with emergence traps suggests that cleaner fishes are an important source of mortality for gnathiids. Although the proportion of the total blood volume of fishes potentially removed by blood-feeding gnathiids on a daily basis appeared to be low for fishes weighing 83 g, the cumulative effects of repeated infections on the health of such fish remains unknown; attacks on small juvenile fishes, may result in possibly lethal levels of blood loss.

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A method for estimating blood meal volume in Aedes aegypti using a radioisotope

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

The Aquaporin Gene Family of the Yellow Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti

The Aquaporin Gene Family of the Yellow Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti

Extent of digestion affects the success of amplifying human DNA from blood meals of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae)

Interactions between gnathiid isopods, cleaner fish and other fishes on Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef

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