A Method for the Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis Using Acridine Orange

Fripp, P. J.; Mason, Peter R.; Super, Heather

doi:10.2307/3279252

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…AO, like other fluorochromes, is capable of emitting visible light when excited by UV light. This property and its ability at acid pH to stain DNA yellow and RNA orange (1, 2) have resulted in a variety of clinical microbiological uses, including the detection of malaria and other blood parasites (6,8,9,15), Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal secretions (4,5,12,14), and a variety of organisms in body fluids (11). Kronvall and Myhre (10) demonstrated the differential staining characteristics of AO at low pH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of acridine orange, methylene blue, and Gram stains for blood cultures

Mirrett¹,

Lauer²,

Miller³

et al. 1982

J Clin Microbiol

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Direct microscopic screening of blood cultures by Gram stain or methylene blue stain is time consuming and frequently insensitive. Therefore, we evaluated a fluorescent-staining procedure that uses acridine orange (AO) at pH 3.5 and compared it with the methylene blue and Gram stain procedures. All smears were prepared within 24 h of receiving the culture, fixed with methanol, and examined without the results of the companion smears being known. AO-stained smears were examined with incident-light fluorescence at 600x magnification and confirmed at 1,500x magnification. All bottles macroscopically positive within 24 h were excluded from the study. Of 2,946 cultures entered into the study, 204 (6.9%) were positive within 3 days. The sensitivity and specificity of AO based on these culture results were 52 and 98%, respectively, compared with 38% sensitivity and 99% specificity by methylene blue and Gram stains. The AO staining procedure is a simple, sensitive, screening technique for the early detection of positive blood cultures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of acridine orange, methylene blue, and Gram stains for blood cultures

Mirrett¹,

Lauer²,

Miller³

et al. 1982

J Clin Microbiol

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“…This feature has been applied by cytologists to differentiate the deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid components of cells and by virologists to distinguish deoxyribonucleic acid from ribonucleic acid viral inclusions (2, 16). The stain is unfamiliar to most clinical microbiologists, although it has been used to detect malaria and other blood parasites in humans and animals (6,8,18) and to identify Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal secretions (5,12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of acridine orange and Gram stains for detection of microorganisms in cerebrospinal fluid and other clinical specimens

Lauer¹,

Reller²,

Mirrett³

1981

J Clin Microbiol

104

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Acridine orange, a fluorochrome stain, is potentially superior to the Gram stain in the direct microscopic examination of clinical specimens because it gives striking differential staining between bacteria and background cells and debris. Its value in clinical laboratories was evaluated by testing 209 cerebrospinal fluids and 288 other body fluids, tissues, and exudates by both techniques. Smears were made in duplicate, fixed with methanol, stained, and examined without knowledge of the result of the companion smear or culture. Overall, acridine orange was slightly more sensitive than the Gram stain (acridine orange, 59.9%; Gram stain, 55.8%) and equally specific in detecting microorganisms. One smear was falsely positive by the Gram stain; none was falsely positive by the acridine orange stain. We conclude that acridine orange staining is a sensitive method for screening clinical specimens and reviewing selected specimens that are purulent, but negative by the Gram stain. Bloody fluids, thick exudates, and other normally difficultto-read specimens were easily and quickly examined. We recommend, however, that positive smears be reexamined with the Gram stain to confirm the result and determine the Gram reaction of the microorganisms.

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“…Smears stained with acridine orange have the advantage of improved sensitivity. However, a fluorescence microscope and skilled microscopist are required 36 …”

Section: Microscopy‐based Diagnosis Of T Vaginalismentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of trichomoniasis in East European countries

Domeika

Zhurauskaya²,

Savicheva

et al. 2010

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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The laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections in many Eastern European countries remains suboptimal.The main objective of the present evidence-based guidelines is to provide comprehensive information regarding the laboratory diagnosis of infections caused by Trichomonas vaginalis in East European countries. In particular, the present guidelines recommend: (i) to encourage examination of the wet mounts of vaginal exudates, instead of stained smears, at all clinical settings; (ii) nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) or culture could be employed if no trichomonads are detected on microscopic examination of the wet preparation and there is a strong indication of infection and (iii) the use of NAATs is encouraged in screening, using non-invasive specimens, or high volume testing situations. In the absence of internationally recognized commercial NAAT systems, tests developed in-house should be validated using obtainable international standards and quality assured strictly. Individual East European countries may be required to make minor national adjustments to these guidelines as a result of lack of accessibility to some reagents or equipment, or laws in a specific country.

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A Method for the Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis Using Acridine Orange

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison of acridine orange, methylene blue, and Gram stains for blood cultures

Comparison of acridine orange, methylene blue, and Gram stains for blood cultures

Comparison of acridine orange and Gram stains for detection of microorganisms in cerebrospinal fluid and other clinical specimens

Guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of trichomoniasis in East European countries

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