A method of fixation and freeze drying of soft sediments containing water.

Takizawa, Shigeru; Kawata, Takami; Ohno, Yoshiki

doi:10.5575/geosoc.101.941

Cited by 30 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The sampled muddy deposits were subsequently dried for observation with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In this study, we used both oven drying and t-butyl alcohol freeze-drying, following the methods proposed by Hirono et al (2000) and Takizawa et al (1995), respectively. Hirono et al (2000) compared the microstructure of muddy samples prepared by the two drying methods listed above, and reported that oven drying does not cause any appreciable modification of the clay fabric in muddy deposits with a median grain size of >5 μm, and that t-butyl alcohol freeze-drying is valid for muddy samples with various grain sizes.…”

Section: Sample Preparation For Observation By Scanning Electron Micrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clay fabric of fluid-mud deposits from laboratory and field observations: Potential application to the stratigraphic record

et al. 2013

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Section: Sample Preparation For Observation By Scanning Electron Micrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clay fabric of fluid-mud deposits from laboratory and field observations: Potential application to the stratigraphic record

et al. 2013

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“…Sample prep for microstructure observation 472 t-Butyl alcohol freeze-drying method t-Butyl alcohol freeze-drying was performed according to previously reported procedures (Takizawa et al 1995;Kawamura and Ogawa 2004;Kawamura 2010;Nishida et al 2013). The tiny agarose-embedded sample plugs allow rapid sample processing for subsequent fluid displacement.…”

Section: Uramoto Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An approach using t-butyl alcohol freeze-drying was reported by Takizawa et al (1995), Kawamura and Ogawa (2004), Kawamura (2010), and Nishida et al (2013). This method displaces sediment interstitial water using t-butyl alcohol and is followed by freeze-drying, after which microstructures are observed on the fractured sample surfaces.…”

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An improved sample preparation method for imaging microstructures of fine‐grained marine sediment using microfocus X‐ray computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy

Uramoto

Morono

Uematsu³

et al. 2014

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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Marine sediments are composed of various mineral species and are characterized by micro‐scale grain fabric. The arrangements and interactions of component particles place critical constraints on the physical, chemical, and biological processes that occur in subseafloor environments. However, the observation of nearly intact microstructures is difficult, especially in soft, muddy sediments because of their high water content and the presence of organic molecules. In this study, a modified version of the resin‐embedding method generally used for biological samples was applied to marine sediment sample preparation. The new method was compared with the conventional t‐butyl alcohol freeze‐drying method using microfocus X‐ray computed tomography (µXCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The µXCT and SEM results showed that all t‐butyl alcohol freeze‐dried sediment samples contained microstructural disturbances (e.g., cracks). In contrast, no cracks were observed in the samples prepared using the new resin‐embedding method, and the microstructural arrangement of the sediment particles were clearly visible. In addition, the porosity visible from SEM images of the resin‐embedded samples was similar to that measured using the moisture and density method, providing additional evidence that the microstructures of the resin‐embedded samples were well preserved. The resin‐embedding method allowed observation of the limited contact of the fine particles in clayey sediments, the clay microaggregates throughout the continental margin to pelagic sediments, and the presence of organic materials in environmental sediments. This modified biological resin‐embedding method is suitable for the detailed observation and characterization of fine‐grained marine sediment microstructure.

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“…Samples for SEM and microscopic observations were prepared by the freeze-drying and embedding methods (Takizawa et al, 1995) in order to avoid microfabric disturbance under the air-drying process, which could be caused by surface tension of pore water. In fact, the microfabrics ofˆne-grained sediments treated in airdrying were completely distorted, as seen in the study of the sediment from the Paciˆc (Kawamura and Ogawa, 2002).…”

Section: Sem and Polarized Microscope Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burial Consolidation Processes of Deep-Sea Sediments: An Example of Core Sediments Collected from the Labrador Sea in the Northwest Atlantic

Kawamura

2010

Soils and Foundations

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Progressive change of microfabrics of deep-sea sediments during early diagenesis was analyzed using two drill cores collected from the Sites U1305 and U1306 of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 303 in the Labrador Sea in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Microfabrics were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and deduced from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. DiŠerent microfabrics in three layers were distinguished in both cores: Surface layer with general void ratio À2.5, subjacent layer with void ratio 2.5-1.5, and deep layer with void ratio º1.5. Microfabrics of the sediments change downward (toward deeper part), as well as magnetic susceptibility anisotropy. Microfabrics in the surface layer are non-directional and characterized by the presence of many macropores larger than 10 mm in diameter. Clay platelets in this layer are linked to each other with edge-to-edge or high-angle edge-toface (EF) contact. In the underlying layer, contact relations of clay platelets change to low angle EF type. Coarse siliciclastic fractions of this layer show horizontal preferred orientation, most probably due to overloading of the surface layer. Sizes of macropores decrease to several mm in diameter. In the lowest layer, clay platelets take horizontal preferred orientation according to further burial consolidation. Thus, the microfabrics of the sediments are developed from non-directional to preferred horizontal orientation with burial consolidation by following processes; 1) rotation of coarse grains in the layer with the void ratio À2.5 and 2) change of clay microfabrics in the layer with the void ratio º2.5.

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A method of fixation and freeze drying of soft sediments containing water.

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Clay fabric of fluid-mud deposits from laboratory and field observations: Potential application to the stratigraphic record

Clay fabric of fluid-mud deposits from laboratory and field observations: Potential application to the stratigraphic record

An improved sample preparation method for imaging microstructures of fine‐grained marine sediment using microfocus X‐ray computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy

Burial Consolidation Processes of Deep-Sea Sediments: An Example of Core Sediments Collected from the Labrador Sea in the Northwest Atlantic

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