A ‘Micro-Macro’ Factor Analysis of the Determinants of Economic Integration of Immigrants: A Theoretical Approach

Yeasmin, Nafisa; Koivurova, Timo

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-6561-4_6

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…We tried to find a positive alternative vision of the future (Masini, 1983) labour market in whichSEs could be an empirical solution for the economic integration of immigrants. According to many previous studies, the unemployment rate among immigrants is high in Lapland, and there are many barriers to their gaining access to the labour market (Yeasmin & Koivurova, 2019).On the other hand, economic integration through establishing entrepreneurship is indeed critically discussed by researchers (Heikkilä, 2017;Yeasmin, 2016). Entrepreneurship comes with risk among immigrants unless they are competent enough to avoid negative futures, which depends on many factors.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…'Stronger ties' has been identified as the interaction between social entrepreneurs in a particular social enterprise, and 'weak ties' has been defined as the interaction between other formal and informal social network contacts (White & Houseman, 2002). When a socially disadvantaged group of people operates a social entrepreneurship, they obviously expect to receive community support in activating their networks to gain access to social capital, and indeed they need to gain access to other business networks to exploit all possible opportunity structures (Yeasmin & Koivurova, 2019) to overcome their vulnerability in the society.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shaping employability for immigrants through social entrepreneurship in Lapland

Yeasmin

Koivurova

Kemppainen-Koivisto

2022

Migration and Development

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Many immigrants are either underemployed or unemployed in Lapland, and indeed many of them are long-term unemployed. This unemployment rate among immigrants varies from region to region in Finland. As a disadvantaged group in the labour market, sometimes they are pushed into establishing a business; however, their motivation to do so is weak, due to a lack of market understanding along with other socio-cultural factors. As an alternative way of doing business and gaining access to the labour market, social enterprise could be another instrument for employment. We studied whether Social Entrepreneurship (SE) represents an exceptional mindset among the group. SE invention for this group of people is a less-studied area of research in Finland compared to many other European countries such as Sweden and Scotland. Our research examines whether SE could be a way to facilitate the integration of immigrants, particularly immigrant women, who are at risk of marginalisation, into the Finnish labour market in the near future, with Lapland as a case study. We analyse the factors that can be taken into account to enable immigrants to conduct their business under the guidance of a social enterprise in the northern part of Finland, thereby shaping their employability for the future.

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Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaping employability for immigrants through social entrepreneurship in Lapland

Yeasmin

Koivurova

Kemppainen-Koivisto

2022

Migration and Development

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“…This necessitates suitable education opportunities [73,74] alongside new livelihoods we mentioned in the Introduction. Likewise, immigrants arriving in the Arctic should be integrated into the northern communities already during their basic education and assured of the opportunities to thrive and make a living in the area also in the future [75]. Sustainable Arctic's future skills would become invaluable.…”

Section: The Cornerstones Of Asementioning

confidence: 99%

Five Basic Cornerstones of Sustainability Education in the Arctic

et al. 2020

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The Arctic region faces many threats but also opportunities due to economic, climate, environmental, cultural, social, professional, educational, and institutional changes, which also necessitate new perspectives on sustainable education. When implementing sustainable education in the Arctic, it is important to increase knowledge and understanding of the special features of Arctic areas—their opportunities and vulnerabilities. In this article, the model of Arctic sustainable education (ASE) has been introduced. It is based on a new kind of lifestyle that illustrates respectful and responsible attitudes toward other people and nature. What are the special features of the teaching and learning of ASE and how to organize it? In this theoretical article, we have discussed the challenges and goals, and possibilities and significance of ASE by leaning on the five cornerstones, concerning learning and teaching of SE in schools and organizations: why, what, how, who, and when. The ASE may provide new ideas to develop sustainable education not just in the Arctic region but also elsewhere as it gets its special opportunities and expectations in a context- and time-bound manner. In conclusion, the role of educational psychology in ASE has been viewed and discussed.

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“…Securing long-term or, indeed, even short-term employment is challenging for many long-term unemployed residents, 1 and especially for immigrants (Yeasmin, 2018). Co-operatives (Co-ops) or SE can offer one alternative option to the vulnerable members of the labour market in Lapland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since running a business in Finland is full of challenges, establishing a proprietorship or other forms of business is difficult for both the long-term unemployed and immigrants, as they do not have experience in working as entrepreneurs in Finland. Previous research has stated that many factors can either enable or hinder the successful development of enterprises by immigrants in Lapland (Yeasmin, 2018; Yeasmin & Kemppainen-Koivisto, 2017; Yeasmin & Koivurova, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Enterprises of Immigrants: A Panacea for the Finnish Labour Market?

Yeasmin

Koivurova

2021

South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases

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Research questions: The objectives of this study are to identify the need for Social Enterprises (SEs) as an alternative form of working in the Finnish labour market, what alternative forms of co-operation between such types of SEs could be and how larger local companies can support the sustainable operation of these small SEs by employing immigrants and the long-term unemployed. Theory: This article draws on the corporate social responsibility CSR theory of traditional enterprises to better explain the factors that can facilitate co-operation between SEs and private enterprises, thereby reaching the sustainable operation of SEs that are run by socially disadvantaged groups of people in Lapland. Phenomenon studied: SE is a new phenomenon in Lapland. There are a few SEs in the region that are struggling to maintain their existence in a sustainable manner. It is harder for the members of such SEs to run businesses or to work and to become successful in Lapland; however, obtaining employment or running a proprietorship is not an alternative (Yeasmin, 2016) for these disadvantaged people. Case context: The article contributes to the studies on the economic integration and labour market sustainability of immigrants and long-term job seekers, and particularly to the socio-economic integration of the long-term unemployed by focusing on the necessity-driven social entrepreneurship networking model in a sparsely populated region, that being the region of Lapland in Northern Finland. Findings: The disadvantaged groups need access to the labour market in Lapland, and social alliances between various partners (e.g., private, public and SE) under different social circumstances (e.g., CSR) can generate alternative options for co-operation to sustain the existence of such SEs in Lapland. An analysis explores future recommendations for co-operation that might sustain SE’s existence and development and might also increase long-term prospects for targeted SEs. Discussion: Lapland-based SEs operated by immigrants or the long-term unemployed are issues and themes that do not fall within the responsibility of any single authority or any single sector. Successfully running SEs demands positive interaction and social innovation strategies among many social partners. Networking with a variety of public stakeholder groups alongside the private sector needs to see an investment of social resources for mapping the phenomena on the topic of social economy, which is a social innovation process that might enable such SEs to have successful outcomes in Lapland.

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A ‘Micro-Macro’ Factor Analysis of the Determinants of Economic Integration of Immigrants: A Theoretical Approach

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Shaping employability for immigrants through social entrepreneurship in Lapland

Shaping employability for immigrants through social entrepreneurship in Lapland

Five Basic Cornerstones of Sustainability Education in the Arctic

Social Enterprises of Immigrants: A Panacea for the Finnish Labour Market?

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