“…Methods for determining biomarkers of exposure and effect. Exposure: ICP-AES, ICP-MS and AAS are the most commonly used analytical methods to determine zinc levels in plasma, bone, fingernails, hair and other biological tissues and body fluids (Alvarado et al 1991;AOAC 1990;Arnaud et al, 1991;Fan et al, 1991;Folin et al, 1991;Langmyhr et al, 1979;Luterotti et al, 1992;Marks et al, 1972;NIOSH 1984aNIOSH , 1994Panayi et al, 2002;Patterson et al, 1992;Shaw et al, 1982;Sohler et al, 1976;Szpunar et al, 1978;Takagi et al, 1988;Wilhelm et al, 1991). These methods generally are sensitive enough to measure background levels in the population and levels at which biological effects occur.…”