A microtremor survey to define the subsoil structure in a mud volcanoes area: the case study of Salinelle (Mt. Etna, Italy)

Panzera, Francesco; Sicali, Simona; Lombardo, Giuseppe; Imposa, Sebastiano; Gresta, S.; D’Amico, Sebastiano

doi:10.1007/s12665-016-5974-x

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Etna by adopting the commonly used horizontal to vertical spectral ratio techniques that evaluate the site response properties using both earthquake (HVSR) and ambient noise (HVNR) as input signals (Nogoshi and Igarashi, 1971;Nakamura, 1989;Lermo and Chavez-Garcia, 1993). Although these methodologies are commonly applied in areas showing strong impedance contrast or minor lateral heterogeneities, they have been widely applied with valuable results in volcanic areas characterized by a complex geologic setting (e.g., Lombardo et al, 2006;Panzera et al, 2013Panzera et al, , 2016Panzera et al, , 2017Rahpeyma et al, 2016).…”

Section: Accounting For Site-specific Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

When probabilistic seismic hazard climbs volcanoes: the Mt. Etna case, Italy – Part 2: Computational implementation and first results

Peruzza

Azzaro

Gee

et al. 2017

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. This paper describes the model implementation and presents results of a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) for the Mt. Etna volcanic region in Sicily, Italy, considering local volcano-tectonic earthquakes. Working in a volcanic region presents new challenges not typically faced in standard PSHA, which are broadly due to the nature of the local volcano-tectonic earthquakes, the cone shape of the volcano and the attenuation properties of seismic waves in the volcanic region. These have been accounted for through the development of a seismic source model that integrates data from different disciplines (historical and instrumental earthquake datasets, tectonic data, etc.; presented in Part 1, by Azzaro et al., 2017) and through the development and software implementation of original tools for the computation, such as a new ground-motion prediction equation and magnitude-scaling relationship specifically derived for this volcanic area, and the capability to account for the surficial topography in the hazard calculation, which influences source-to-site distances. Hazard calculations have been carried out after updating the most recent releases of two widely used PSHA software packages (CRISIS, as in Ordaz et al., 2013; the OpenQuake engine, as in Pagani et al., 2014). Results are computed for short-to mid-term exposure times (10% probability of exceedance in 5 and 30 years, Poisson and time dependent) and spectral amplitudes of engineering interest. A preliminary exploration of the impact of sitespecific response is also presented for the densely inhabited Etna's eastern flank, and the change in expected ground motion is finally commented on. These results do not account for M > 6 regional seismogenic sources which control the hazard at long return periods. However, by focusing on the impact of M < 6 local volcano-tectonic earthquakes, which dominate the hazard at the short-to mid-term exposure times considered in this study, we present a different viewpoint that, in our opinion, is relevant for retrofitting the existing buildings and for driving impending interventions of risk reduction.

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Section: Accounting For Site-specific Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

When probabilistic seismic hazard climbs volcanoes: the Mt. Etna case, Italy – Part 2: Computational implementation and first results

Peruzza

Azzaro

Gee

et al. 2017

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…In that occasion, the regional civil protection worked to divert the mud flows into the Salinelle area in order to avoid the mud invasion in urbanized zones of the town of Paternò. Although this area has already been studied either from geochemical or from a geophysical point of view [Chiodini et al, 1986;Pecoraino and Giammanco, 2005;Giammanco et al, 2007;Panzera et al, 2016], until now no combined study was performed. Each geophysical or geochemical method has clearly different accuracy and reliability for defining different structural properties in diverse conditions and the interpretation of the phenomena includes an inherent degree of ambiguity due to the limit of each discipline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geophysical surveys did not reveal a clear preferential pathway through which gases composed of deep CO 2 of magmatic origin, revealed by geochemical surveys, can rise toward the surface. Therefore, it is likely that the hydrothermal uprise system, which regulates the activity of the Salinelle mud volcanoes, is not composed of a single feeding conduit but rather of a combination of several interconnected channels that branch at different depths, according to the stratigraphic sequence described by Panzera et al [2016]. This interpretation is supported by the observed frequent migration of the emission vents over time, especially during paroxysmal events, although within the geological limits of the Ancient alkaline centers lavas.…”

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confidence: 97%

Imaging the Salinelle Mud Volcanoes (Sicily, Italy) using integrated geophysical and geochemical surveys

Napoli

Currenti

Giammanco

et al. 2020

Annals of Geophysics

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Geochemical and geophysical prospecting methods (including measurements of soil heat flux and soil CO 2 flux, gravimetry, self-potential and geomagnetism) are used to produce an integrated data set aimed at imaging the migration of fluids in the sub-surface at the Salinelle mud volcanoes, located on the lower southwestern flank of Mt Etna (Sicily, Italy). This area was affected by magmatic eruptions from local volcanic centers between about 48 and 27 ka. Today, only pseudo-volcanic phenomena due to over-pressured multiphase pore fluids there occur. Carbon dioxide of magmatic origin, mixed with biogenic hydrocarbons, warm hypersaline waters and mud, are constantly released at the surface through the main conduits of mud volcanoes, whose activity is characterized by alternation of mild gas bubbling periods and strong paroxysmal phases. The latter produce violent gas eruptions that eject warm water (T ≈ 50° C) to a height up to about 1 m. Surface distribution of the geophysical and geochemical parameters have been investigated to detect the main pathways through which fluids move toward the shallow crust. Integration of geochemical, geophysical and geological maps allowed for the tracing of the fluid flow in the shallowest (a few tens of meters below the surface) part of the local hydrothermal system. Our results showed that the rising of fluids from a deep reservoir is controlled by the main structural and geological features of the area and their temporal and spatial evolution depends on pressure conditions inside the hydrothermal system.

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“…It gives the input for the soil-structure interaction analysis. Generating the representative subsurface profiles is an important step in the site response analysis as it gives the input parameters for the analysis [Panzera et al, 2016]. Most of the site response analyses carried out in Peninsular India are one dimensional [Boominathan et al 2008;Anbazhagan and Sitharam 2008;Jaya and Remmya 2010;Maheswari et al, 2008], in which the input parameters are obtained through SPT data or MASW 1-D data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D nonlinear site response analysis of shallow bedrock sites using integrated subsurface profiles

Chandran

Anbazhagan

2020

Annals of Geophysics

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In this study, an attempt has been made to generate the subsurface profiles using integrated geophysical approach and a site-specific 2-D nonlinear site response analysis at shallow bedrock sites in Peninsular India. The site selected for the study is Tarapur, India in which three survey lines were selected for the sub-surface mapping. The subsurface profiling of these three locations was done by an integrated geophysical approach by carrying out Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves-2D survey, Ground Penetrating Radar survey, and conventional drilling borehole and measurement of Standard Penetration Test N values. Thirteen intraplate recordings from all around the world are selected for the site response analysis. The subsurface profiles generated by the integrated geophysical approaches are modeled in FLAC-2D nonlinear module and site response parameters are estimated. Further 1D site response analyses are carried out at selected points in 2-D profiles using the program DEEPSOIL and the 2D site response results are compared. Results of site response analysis are expressed in terms of short-period amplification factor (Fc) and long period amplification factor (Fs) and the results show that the 2D geometry of sub-surface is more sensitive to the higher frequency content of ground motion especially for subsurface with more heterogeneities. Also, a parametric study has been done on a synthetic 2D profile to quantitatively evaluate the effect of different ground motion characteristics like amplitude and frequency content on 2D site response analysis. The parametric study shows that underground heterogeneity is very sensitive to the ground motions with high-frequency content and low amplitude.

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A microtremor survey to define the subsoil structure in a mud volcanoes area: the case study of Salinelle (Mt. Etna, Italy)

Cited by 22 publications

References 46 publications

When probabilistic seismic hazard climbs volcanoes: the Mt. Etna case, Italy – Part 2: Computational implementation and first results

When probabilistic seismic hazard climbs volcanoes: the Mt. Etna case, Italy – Part 2: Computational implementation and first results

Imaging the Salinelle Mud Volcanoes (Sicily, Italy) using integrated geophysical and geochemical surveys

2D nonlinear site response analysis of shallow bedrock sites using integrated subsurface profiles

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