A mid to late Holocene cryptotephra framework from eastern North America

Mackay, Helen M. M.; Hughes, Paul; Jensen, Britta J.L.; Langdon, Peter G.; Pyne-O’Donnell, Sean; Plunkett, Gill; Froese, Duane G.; Coulter, Sarah; Gardner, James E.

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.11.011

Cited by 45 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Depositional and grain size analysis indicate that the eruptive plume was 40-45 km in height and was distributed by ~10 m/s winds that were sustained at this velocity for ~2 days (Lerbekmo, 2008). The presence of the WRAe as a cryptotephra was also recently recognized in Maine, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland (Jensen et al 2014;Mackay, et al, 2016;Pyne-O'Donnell et al, 2012). Geochemical and morphological evidence has also shown that the WRAe correlates with the "AD860B" ash (A.D. 846-848) found in Greenland and northern Europe (Jensen et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

New occurrences of the White River Ash (east lobe) in Subarctic Canada and utility for estimating freshwater reservoir effect in lake sediment archives

Patterson

Crann

Cutts

et al. 2017

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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The freshwater reservoir effect (FRE) in the Canadian Subarctic complicates development of high-resolution age-depth models based on radiocarbon dates from lake sediments. Volcanic ashfall layers (tephras) provide chronostratigraphic markers that can be used to estimate age offsets. We describe the first recorded occurrence of a visible tephra in a lacustrine sequence in the central Northwest Territories. The tephra, observed in Pocket Lake, near Yellowknife, is geochemically and stratigraphically attributed to the White River Ash east lobe (WRAe; A.D.833-850; 1,117-1,100 cal BP), which originated from an eruption of Mount Churchill, Alaska.We also observed the WRAe as a cryptotephra in Bridge Lake, 130 km to the NE, suggesting that records of this tephra are potentially widespread in CNT lakes. The identification of this tephra presents opportunities for use of the WRAe as a dating tool in the region and to quantify the magnitude of the FRE in order to correct radiocarbon age-depth models. Two well-dated sediment cores from Pocket Lake, containing a visible WRAe record, indicate a FRE of ~200 years at the time of the ash deposition, which matches closely with the estimated FRE of ~245 years at the lake sediment-water interface. Although additional results from other lakes in the region are required, this finding implies that FRE estimates for the late Holocene in the region, may be based either on down-core WRAe/radiocarbon age model offsets, or on radiocarbon dates obtained from the sediment-water interface.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

New occurrences of the White River Ash (east lobe) in Subarctic Canada and utility for estimating freshwater reservoir effect in lake sediment archives

Patterson

Crann

Cutts

et al. 2017

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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“…WRAe is the most widely distributed of the two deposits, having been correlated across to eastern Canada (Pyne-O'Donnell et al, 2012), the northeastern Unites States (Mackay et al, 2016), Greenland and Europe (Jensen et al, 2014a). It should be noted that within northwestern North America it had significant effects on the lives and migration patterns of the ancestral Athapaskan people of the area (e.g.…”

Section: Wraementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lowe et al, 2007;Lowe et al, 2012;Lane et al, 2013;Streeter and Dugmore, 2014). The recent discovery of Pacific northwest tephra more than 5000 km from their source in eastern Canada (Pyne-O'Donnell et al, 2012), Europe (Jensen et al, 2014a) and the eastern United States (Jensen et al, 2014b;Mackay et al, 2016;Pyne-O'Donnell et al, 2016), demonstrates the excellent potential for developing a cryptotephra framework across northern North America.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Pleistocene and Holocene tephrostratigraphy of interior Alaska and Yukon: Key beds and chronologies over the past 30,000 years

Davies

Jensen

Froese

et al. 2016

Quaternary Science Reviews

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“…This new dataset includes proximal deposits of the 1980 MSH eruption (UA 3005, UA 3006), layer T (UA 2305/6, UA 3326; dated to ad 1799–1800 via tree ring analysis) (Lawrence, ; Yamaguchi, ; Mackay et al ., ), and a previously undescribed tephra (UA 3008) collected on the southern flank of the volcano. We include analyses of the crystal‐rich light‐gray dacite from the 1980 cryptodome (UA 3109), which was the most abundant lithology (~72%) erupted by the 18 May 1980 lateral blast (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glass geochemical compositions from widespread tephras erupted over the last 200 years from Mount St. Helens

Foo

Jensen

Bolton

2019

J Quaternary Science

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Building reliable chronologies from lake sediments, peat and other paleoenvironmental archives can be challenging, especially for historical times where radiocarbon is unreliable. Nineteenth-and 20th-century eruptions from Mount St. Helens (MSH) provide important chronostratigraphic markers for regional paleoenvironmental studies within this time frame, but are constrained by poorly geochemically characterized tephra and/or limited published data. Here, we present glass geochemistry from the most significant eruptions from this time. This includes proximal, medial and distal deposits of the 18 May 1980 MSH eruption, layer T (AD 1799/1800), a new tephra that we argue represents the AD 1842 eruption, and the 22 July 1980 eruption that had reported ashfall in Canada. Our results indicate that most tephras ejected during these eruptions, within a time frame of~200 years, have distinct glass geochemical characteristics that can be used to identify distal deposits for tephrochronological studies. Layer T is on trend with analyses of the 1980 eruption but has a distinct dacitic glass population. The 1980 and AD 1842 eruptions are similar, both having rhyolitic glass compositions, but the AD 1842 event can be differentiated by a more constrained SiO 2 range in the main geochemical population, and the presence of a unique SiO 2 sub-population.

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A mid to late Holocene cryptotephra framework from eastern North America

Cited by 45 publications

References 53 publications

New occurrences of the White River Ash (east lobe) in Subarctic Canada and utility for estimating freshwater reservoir effect in lake sediment archives

New occurrences of the White River Ash (east lobe) in Subarctic Canada and utility for estimating freshwater reservoir effect in lake sediment archives

Late Pleistocene and Holocene tephrostratigraphy of interior Alaska and Yukon: Key beds and chronologies over the past 30,000 years

Glass geochemical compositions from widespread tephras erupted over the last 200 years from Mount St. Helens

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