A Milk-Borne Epidemic of Poliomyelitis*

Aycock, W. Lloyd

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120445

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The dissemination of viruses by food is not as well documented as by water; however, interest has increased with the development of methods that detect low numbers of virus. Poliovirus has been implicated in outbreaks involving milk (Dingman, 1916;Aycock, 1927;Lipari, 1951) and has been isolated from raw ground beef (Sullivan et al, 1970). Echovirus 4 found in coleslaw was the aetiological agent involved in an outbreak of meningitis (US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1976).…”

Section: B Viral Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

16 Methods for Detecting Microbial Pathogens in Food and Water

Kaspar

Tartera

1990

Methods in Microbiology

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Section: B Viral Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

16 Methods for Detecting Microbial Pathogens in Food and Water

Kaspar

Tartera

1990

Methods in Microbiology

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“…Recent reports of probable milk-borne epidemics by Aycock (13) and the epidemiological studies by Kling (14) indicating that the disease may be water-borne, have made it desirable to reconsider the question of infection by the gastro-intestinal tract. Schultz (15) has recently reported negative results by feeding infected milkto monkeys and has given a brief summary of the literature.…”

Section: Infection and Immunization Of Monkeys By The Gastro-intmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiments With the Virus of Poliomyelitis

Thompson

1930

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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1. Efforts to adapt the virus of poliomyelitis to the rabbit organism and to produce poliomyelitis in rabbits by testicular injection and by brain injection after testicular passage produced no evidence that the virus could be adapted in this manner. Suggestive symptoms produced in very young rabbits were duplicated in non-specifically treated and in uninoculated controls. The admixture of a vaccine virus, adapted to the rabbit organism, with the poliomyelitis virus in similar injections and passages did not aid the adaptation. The virus of poliomyelitis did not survive 24 hours in the rabbit testicle—whether alone or mixed with vaccine virus. Repeated intraperitoneal and intradermal injection of poliomyelitis virus and of poliomyelitis and vaccinia virus mixtures produced no disease in rabbits. Massive doses of concentrated virus by stomach tube in conjunction with meningeal irritation produced no symptoms in rabbits. 2. No neutralizing substances against poliomyelitis virus could be produced in rabbits by the repeated intraperitoneal and intradermal injection of poliomyelitis virus or of poliomyelitis-vaccinia virus mixtures. 3. Although attempts to infect monkeys by intrastomachic injections, after bile irritation of the mucosa, were entirely negative, evidence was obtained that repeated intrastomachic injection after bile irritation may produce an appreciable degree of immunity. 4. No evidence could be obtained that the cellular elements of the blood contain the virus in any greater proportion than the whole blood. 5. One attempt to immunize by neutral virus-serum mixtures was entirely negative.

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“…Humans are the only reservoir of poliovirus [[3]]. The virus is transmitted person-to-person through fecal-oral and oral-oral routes, or less frequently by water and milk [[4],[5]]. It multiplies in the intestine and spreads to the central nervous system, causing paralysis in 1 in every 200 infections [[6]], with a case fatality of 5% to 10% [[7]].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving a polio free world

Ali

Sack

2014

BMC Med

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Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the spread of polio is an international public health emergency, and a coordinated international response is sought. Although the importance of such a response is recognized, there are challenges to stopping the spread of polio and achieving a polio free world. The most important issue is directing limited national resources to the specific areas where polio is endemic. In an article published in BMC Medicine, Upfill-Brown and his colleagues recognized this problem and successfully identified the potential risk areas in Nigeria using a validated spatial predictive model of wild poliovirus circulation. They also showed that a lower vaccine-derived population immunity is associated with the probability of a higher number of wild poliovirus cases within a district. Identification of the potential risk areas and understanding the magnitude of risk may help direct limited resources of the endemic countries to areas most at risk to maximize the impact of interventions and motivate the people to participate in the intervention program. These efforts are crucial if these endemic countries hope to eradicate polio.Please see related research article: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/12/92.

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A Milk-Borne Epidemic of Poliomyelitis*

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

16 Methods for Detecting Microbial Pathogens in Food and Water

16 Methods for Detecting Microbial Pathogens in Food and Water

Experiments With the Virus of Poliomyelitis

Achieving a polio free world

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