A Minimal WLE2 Element is Not Sufficient to Direct Apical Localization in the Absence of RNAs Containing the Full Length Wingless 3'UTR

Najand, Nima; Simmonds, Andrew

doi:10.4161/rna.4.3.5170

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This mRNA localization is required for the production of an active Wg signaling protein (Simmonds et al, 2001). Notably, wg mRNAs are associated with punctate cytoplasmic RNP particles that are transported to the apical cytoplasm in a dynein-dependent mechanism (Wilkie and Davis, 2001; Najand and Simmonds, 2007). The cis-acting signals for wg mRNA localization and anchoring are found within the 3′UTR of the mRNA directing aggregation of multiple wg mRNAs, which appears as discrete cytoplasmic foci (Simmonds et al, 2001; Najand and Simmonds, 2007; Dos Santos et al, 2008).…”

Section: Apical Localization Of Mrnas Encoding Secreted Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, wg mRNAs are associated with punctate cytoplasmic RNP particles that are transported to the apical cytoplasm in a dynein-dependent mechanism (Wilkie and Davis, 2001; Najand and Simmonds, 2007). The cis-acting signals for wg mRNA localization and anchoring are found within the 3′UTR of the mRNA directing aggregation of multiple wg mRNAs, which appears as discrete cytoplasmic foci (Simmonds et al, 2001; Najand and Simmonds, 2007; Dos Santos et al, 2008). The regulation of translation and localization of wg mRNA are not linked directly as non-translatable wg mRNAs, and reporter genes fused to the wg 3′UTR are localized equally, as well as mRNAs with an intact open reading frame (Simmonds et al, 2001; Najand and Simmonds, 2007).…”

Section: Apical Localization Of Mrnas Encoding Secreted Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drosophila mRNA Localization During Later Development: Past, Present, and Future

Hughes

Simmonds

2019

Front. Genet.

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Multiple mechanisms tightly regulate mRNAs during their transcription, translation, and degradation. Of these, the physical localization of mRNAs to specific cytoplasmic regions is relatively easy to detect; however, linking localization to functional regulatory roles has been more difficult to establish. Historically, Drosophila melanogaster is a highly effective model to identify localized mRNAs and has helped identify roles for this process by regulating various cell activities. The majority of the well-characterized functional roles for localizing mRNAs to sub-regions of the cytoplasm have come from the Drosophila oocyte and early syncytial embryo. At present, relatively few functional roles have been established for mRNA localization within the relatively smaller, differentiated somatic cell lineages characteristic of later development, beginning with the cellular blastoderm, and the multiple cell lineages that make up the gastrulating embryo, larva, and adult. This review is divided into three parts—the first outlines past evidence for cytoplasmic mRNA localization affecting aspects of cellular activity post-blastoderm development in Drosophila. The majority of these known examples come from highly polarized cell lineages such as differentiating neurons. The second part considers the present state of affairs where we now know that many, if not most mRNAs are localized to discrete cytoplasmic regions in one or more somatic cell lineages of cellularized embryos, larvae or adults. Assuming that the phenomenon of cytoplasmic mRNA localization represents an underlying functional activity, and correlation with the encoded proteins suggests that mRNA localization is involved in far more than neuronal differentiation. Thus, it seems highly likely that past-identified examples represent only a small fraction of localization-based mRNA regulation in somatic cells. The last part highlights recent technological advances that now provide an opportunity for probing the role of mRNA localization in Drosophila, moving beyond cataloging the diversity of localized mRNAs to a similar understanding of how localization affects mRNA activity.

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Section: Apical Localization Of Mrnas Encoding Secreted Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Apical Localization Of Mrnas Encoding Secreted Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophila mRNA Localization During Later Development: Past, Present, and Future

Hughes

Simmonds

2019

Front. Genet.

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“…Recent genome-wide screen of RNAs localized in leading edge of migrating mammalian fibroblasts showed that in response to migratory stimuli, 50 different mRNAs (besides previously identified b-actin mRNA) accumulated, via microtubule mediated transport, in the fibroblast protrusions rich in actin cytoskeletal elements (Mili et al, 2008). In epithelial cells, the apical cytoskeleton containing cytokeratin, actin, and microtubules (Salas et al, 1997;Sugimoto et al, 2008) is enriched in localized wingless mRNA (Simmonds et al, 2001;Najand and Simmonds, 2007). In neurons, b-actin mRNA and actin filaments are localized in the growth cones and synapses (Zhang et al, 1999;Specht and Triller, 2008) and a subset of mRNAs localized at the synapse is thought to be responsible for the generation of synaptic plasticity (Kiebler and DesGroseillers, 2000;Czaplinski and Singer, 2006;Bramham and Wells, 2007).…”

Section: Structural Role Of Rna In the Cytoplasm Organization And Maimentioning

confidence: 99%

Teachings from the egg: New and unexpected functions of RNAs

Kloc

2009

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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SUMMARYLocalized mRNAs found in specific regions of somatic cells, germ cells, and embryos function through their protein translation products in cell polarization and development. Recent studies on Xenopus and Drosophila eggs and various somatic cells showed that some of the localized noncoding and coding RNAs play a structural (translation independent) role in maintaining the integrity of microtubule and microfilament cytoskeleton and/or may function in protein folding or as a scaffold for the assembly of cytoplasmic complexes essential for egg or embryo development. In addition, structural noncoding RNAs within the cell nucleus have been shown to be involved in the organization of chromatin, nuclear bodies, and DNA replication. The fact that some of the RNAs may have previously unforeseen structural functions, will change our view on traditional functions of RNAs and will open new frontiers in the field of RNA studies and therapeutic development.Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 922-932, 2009. ß

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“…RNA sequences predicted to form stem loops enhance the apical localization of wingless (Najand and Simmonds 2007) and hairy RNA in Drosophila embryos (Bullock et al 2003) without themselves being able to direct localization, and in each case this appears to be due to the ability to stimulate RNA:RNA interaction. Localization of bicoid mRNA to the anterior of oocytes and embryos requires binding of the Staufen protein to a region of the bicoid 39 UTR (St Johnston et al 1989;Ferrandon et al 1994).…”

Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intermolecular interaction appears to affect the localization of several RNAs in Drosophila embryos (Ferrandon et al 1997;Bullock et al 2003;Najand and Simmonds 2007) or oocytes (Hachet and Ephrussi 2004), and we have investigated the possibility that the A loop mediates a similar RNA:RNA interaction. To do this we coinjected I552DILS RNA, containing the A loop, but with the ILS deleted, together with a second RNA either containing both the ILS and the A loop (A:ILS RNA), or with two copies of the ILS but no A loop (ILS:ILS RNA).…”

Section: à5mentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA:RNA interaction can enhance RNA localization in Drosophila oocytes

Hartswood¹,

Brodie²,

Vendra³

et al. 2012

RNA

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RNA localization is a key mechanism for targeting proteins to particular subcellular domains. Sequences necessary and sufficient for localization have been identified, but little is known about factors that affect its kinetics. Transcripts of gurken and the I factor, a non-LTR retrotransposon, colocalize at the nucleus in the dorso-antero corner of the Drosophila oocyte directed by localization signals, the GLS and ILS. I factor RNA localizes faster than gurken after injection into oocytes, due to a difference in the intrinsic localization ability of the GLS and ILS. The kinetics of localization of RNA containing the ILS are enhanced by the presence of a stem-loop, the A loop. This acts as an RNA:RNA interaction element in vivo and in vitro, and stimulates localization of RNA containing other localization signals. RNA:RNA interaction may be a general mechanism for modulating RNA localization and could allow an mRNA that lacks a localization signal to hitchhike on another RNA that has one.

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A Minimal WLE2 Element is Not Sufficient to Direct Apical Localization in the Absence of RNAs Containing the Full Length Wingless 3'UTR

Cited by 4 publications

References 74 publications

Drosophila mRNA Localization During Later Development: Past, Present, and Future

Drosophila mRNA Localization During Later Development: Past, Present, and Future

Teachings from the egg: New and unexpected functions of RNAs

RNA:RNA interaction can enhance RNA localization in Drosophila oocytes

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