A minimalist fluorescent probe for differentiating Cys, Hcy and GSH in live cells

Abstract

A simple and versatile probe was discovered for discriminating between different thiol species with the use of CTAB (cetyl trimethylammonium bromide).

Fluorescent Probes with Multiple Binding Sites for the Discrimination of Cys, Hcy, and GSH

“…[69] They hypothesized that the formation of 2 -Cys was initiated by thiol substitution of a fluoro group, followed by cyclization to displace a second fluoro group. Conversely, the formation of 2 -Hcy (or 2 -GSH) entailed substitution of two fluorine atoms by two equivalents of thiol.…”

An off-on fluorescent probe for specifically detecting cysteine and its application in bioimaging

“…Compared to traditional techniques, chemical probes based on absorption or fluorescence changes are more feasible for detecting analyses owing to their many appealing advantages such as low detection limit, high selectivity, its real-time monitoring and its potential for vivo imaging of living cells. Moreover, probes that rely on fluorescence quenching suffer from inherent drawbacks including low signal-to-noise ratio and nonspecific quenching [18], so that "turn-on" type fluorescence probes are preferred [19][20][21]. Up to date, and only a few probes are able to discriminate between Cys, Hcy, and GSH [22][23][24][25].…”

Design and synthesis of a new rhodamine B-based fluorescent probe for selective detection of glutathione and its application for live cell imaging

“…[1][2][3] Among the many biologically important thiols such as cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH), [4] GSH is well-known as the most important and abundant antioxidant in plants, animals, fungi, and some bacteria and archaea. [5][6] GSH plays essential roles in many biochemical processes, including preventing the damage to important cellular components caused by reactive oxygen species such as free radicals, peroxides, lipid peroxides and heavy metals.…”