A mitochondria-targeted ratiometric NIR fluorescent probe for simultaneously monitoring viscosity and ONOO− based on two different channels in living HepG2 cells

Activatable fluorescent probes for early diagnosis and evaluation of liver injury

“…Secondly, it is necessary to develop probes with excellent photostability, good biocompatibility, and low cytotoxicity as well as high selectivity and sensitivity. Whether a probe is capable of possessing all of these properties at the same time will be key to evaluating its 83 excellent performance. Thirdly, the penetration depth of fluorescence imaging is also a key factor for non-invasive, realtime detection.…”

Mechanistic analysis of viscosity-sensitive fluorescent probes for applications in diabetes detection

“…9 Schematic of independent detection of viscosity and peroxynitrite by the xanthene-benzothiazole probe. 86 These properties enable the cyanine derivatives to exhibit strong absorption in the visible or NIR region, which is highly beneficial for biomedical applications. Such strong absorption in the visible or NIR window leads to bright colour and distinct fluorescence emission properties for various cyanine derivatives.…”

“…9). 86 The benzothiazole ring played the dual role of molecular rotor and mitochondria targeting unit owing to the presence of positively charged nitrogen atom. Peroxynitrite ions can easily oxidize the CC bond connecting the benzothiazole and xanthene rings, resulting in the formation of N , N -ethylformyl xanthene derivative, reducing the fluorescence intensity at the 760 nm region with concomitant enhancement of a blue-shifted peak at 630 nm.…”

Highly selective and sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensors for the detection of peroxynitrite in cells

“…In addition, an abnormally high level of ONOO − is also related to many diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, 8,9 inflammatory infections, 10,11 liver injury diseases, 12,13 and even cancer, 14 as well as influencing the endoplasmic reticulum viscosity. 15,16…”

“…In addition, an abnormally high level of ONOO − is also related to many diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, 8,9 inflammatory infections, 10,11 liver injury diseases, 12,13 and even cancer, 14 as well as influencing the endoplasmic reticulum viscosity. 15,16 At present, several methods for detecting ONOO − have been reported, such as near-infrared spectroscopy, 17,18 high-performance liquid chromatography, 19 chemiluminescence, 20 fluorescence spectroscopy, [21][22][23] ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, 24 electron spin resonance 25,26 and electrochemistry. 27,28 Although there have been a few reports on SERS methods for detecting intracellular ONOO − , 29 the reasons of ONOO − causing organisms lesions have not well explained yet.…”