A Mixture Fraction Approach to Predict Polymer Burning

Abstract

A mixture fraction approach was applied to predict the combustion behavior of polymeric materials. In comparison to the combustion of gaseous mixtures, the presence of solid fuels complicates the description of the combustion. Accurate predictions of burning characteristics can only be achieved through the proper resolution of heat and mass transfer between the gas-phase flame and the solid fuel. We focused on a model case of flame spread over a solid fuel surface. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was selected as a polymeric material. An approach was proposed to account for heat loss from the gas phase to the solid material through calculations of counterflow diffusion flames with the flame positioned closely to the fuel supply. A combination of these solutions was applied to restore temperature and species mass fractions from tabulated chemistry. An analysis of the numerical results from previous studies on flame spread over PMMA, based on one-step combustion reaction and calculating the chemical source term at each time step, demonstrated a monotonic distribution of the mixture fraction in the flame region between the fuel and oxidizer streams. The shape of the flame tip was satisfactorily resolved using the proposed approach that employs a skeletal chemical mechanism for gas-phase combustion consisting of 29 species and 33 reactions. However, the heat flux from the flame to the solid fuel was overpredicted, resulting in higher flame spread rates compared to experimental data and previous calculations. Preliminary results show a promising opportunity for the mixture fraction approach to describe the combustion behavior of polymers. An analysis showed that oversimplifying the heat transfer process in the flame tip area is a main source of prediction inaccuracies. Multidimensional heat transfer has to be properly incorporated into a tabulated chemistry approach. Several potential directions for future work have been outlined.