A mobile modified-atmosphere killing system for small-flock depopulation

Webster, A. Bruce; Collett, S. R.

doi:10.3382/japr.2011-00375

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…lower concentration requires longer exposure (Raj and Gregory, ,b). Each batch of birds dropped in the containers (one layer) should be allowed sufficient time to die before adding the next batch of birds (Webster and Collett, ). For example, cessation of wing flapping and of visible movements in birds can be used as a proxy to ascertain death, or at least unconsciousness (Raj and Gregory, 1990b).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Killing for purposes other than slaughter: poultry

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2019

EFS2

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Poultry of different ages may have to be killed on-farm for purposes other than slaughter (in which slaughtering is defined as being for human consumption) either individually or on a large scale (e.g. because unproductive, for disease control, etc.). The processes of on-farm killing that were assessed are handling and stunning and/or killing methods (including restraint). The latter were grouped into four categories: electrical methods, modified atmosphere, mechanical methods and lethal injection. In total, 29 hazards were identified and characterised, most of these regard stunning and/or killing. Staff were identified as origin for 26 hazards and 24 hazards were attributed to lack of appropriate skill sets needed to perform tasks or due to fatigue. Specific hazards were identified for day-old chicks killed via maceration. Corrective and preventive measures were assessed: measures to correct hazards were identified for 13 hazards, and management showed to have a crucial role in prevention. Eight welfare consequences, the birds can be exposed to during on-farm killing, were identified: not dead, consciousness, heat stress, cold stress, pain, fear, distress and respiratory distress. Welfare consequences and relevant animal-based measures were described. Outcome tables linking hazards, welfare consequences, animal-based measures, origins, preventive and corrective measures were developed for each process. Mitigation measures to minimise welfare consequences were also proposed.

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Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Killing for purposes other than slaughter: poultry

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2019

EFS2

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“…The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service has funded the development of a Modified Atmosphere Killing (MAK) trailer for the mass gassing of poultry (Figs 1 and 2) (14). It is a portable gassing system for small flocks that is constructed of stainless steel and can be transported by a half-ton vehicle.…”

Section: General Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humane killing of animals for disease control purposes

Thornber¹,

Rubira²,

Styles³

2014

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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Killing for disease control purposes is an emotional issue for everyone concerned. Large-scale euthanasia or depopulation of animals may be necessary for the emergency control or eradication of animal diseases, to remove animals from a compromised situation (e.g. following flood, storm, fire, drought or a feed contamination event), to effect welfare depopulation when there is an oversupply due to a dysfunctional or closed marketing channel, or to depopulate and dispose of animals with minimal handling to decrease the risk of a zoonotic disease infecting humans. The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) developed international standards to provide advice on humane killing for various species and situations. Some fundamental issues are defined, such as competency of animal handling and implementation of humane killing techniques. Some of these methods have been used for many years, but novel approaches for the mass killing of particular species are being explored. Novel vaccines and new diagnostic techniques that differentiate between vaccinated and infected animals will save many animals from being killed as part of biosecurity response measures. Unfortunately, the destruction of affected livestock will still be required to control diseases whilst vaccination programmes are activated or where effective vaccines are not available. This paper reviews the principles of humane destruction and depopulation and explores available techniques with their associated advantages and disadvantages. It also identifies some current issues that merit consideration, such as legislative conflicts (emergency disease legislation versus animal welfare legislation, occupational health and safety), media issues, opinions on the future approaches to killing for disease control, and animal welfare.

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“…Strong correlation between body core and surface temperatures was identified. Webster and Collett [35] 2012 USA Digital video recording and environmental sensors used to validate a modified-atmosphere killing system.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such technologies can be used for a wide range of objectives related to animal welfare because the analysis of behaviour can provide valuable insights on their housing conditions. Image technologies have been used to evaluate broiler behaviour under different light intensities [29], under different thermal conditions [27,30], under distinct stocking densities [31,32], under different gait scores [33], and during their slaughter [34,35]. Additionally, digital video recording was used to help the development of methods and algorithms to detect lameness in broiler chickens [36][37][38][39][40][41][42] and to analyse behaviour of isolated chicks [43].…”

Section: Image Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These "environmental sensors" were used in broiler houses to measure CO 2 [74] and NH 3 [76] concentrations as part of ventilation control systems [75] to provide information about environmental conditions to farmers [28] and as a component in the gas concentration control when using foam to humanely slaughter broilers in extreme situations [34]. Moreover, environmental sensors were also used in the control of ventilated chamber [30], as part of slaughter chambers used for small-flock depopulation [35], and in a study about the effects of low atmospheric stunning on broilers [64].…”

Section: Environmental Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Are Information Technologies Addressing Broiler Welfare? A Systematic Review Based on the Welfare Quality® Assessment

et al. 2020

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This systematic review aims to explore how information technologies (ITs) are currently used to monitor the welfare of broiler chickens. The question posed for the review was “which ITs are related to welfare and how do they monitor this for broilers?”. The Welfare Quality® (WQ) protocol for broiler assessment was utilized as a framework to analyse suitable articles. A total of 57 studies were reviewed wherein all principles of broiler welfare were addressed. The “good health” principle was the main criteria found to be addressed by ITs and IT-based studies (45.6% and 46.1%, respectively), whereas the least observed principle was “good feeding” (8.8%). This review also classified ITs and IT-based studies by their utilization (location, production system, variable measured, aspect of production, and experimental/practical use). The results show that the current focus of ITs is on problems with conventional production systems and that less attention has been given to free-range systems, slaughterhouses, and supply chain issues. Given the valuable results evidenced by the exploitation of ITs, their use in broiler production should continue to be encouraged with more attention given to farmer adoption strategies.

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A mobile modified-atmosphere killing system for small-flock depopulation

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Killing for purposes other than slaughter: poultry

Killing for purposes other than slaughter: poultry

Humane killing of animals for disease control purposes

How Are Information Technologies Addressing Broiler Welfare? A Systematic Review Based on the Welfare Quality® Assessment

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