A Modelica library for Thermal-Runaway Propagation in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Based on the Thermal Runaway (TR) experiments conducted in our laboratory a simple method of describing a battery's thermal behaviour was developed. In the approach -which we call simple tracing methodthe temperature rate measurement from Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC) during a TR experiment is approximated to determine the thermal behaviour of the model. This method was implemented in Modelica using Dymola. Alongside the implementation of the TR model a complete Modelica package with useful models for TR propagation simulation was developed. The package called "BatterySafety" serves as a foundation for further model development to investigate TR propagation and physical counter measures in greater detail. The focus of all the models in the package was efficiency, intelligibility and user-friendliness. With this approach we are able to simulate TR propagation of a complete battery pack.

Fast Charge Algorithm Development for Battery Packs under Electrochemical and Thermal Constraints with JModelica.org

“…Modern lithium-ion cells can nevertheless operate over a wide range of temperatures, typically from -30 • C to 60 • C. A common upper limit of commercial cells can be found around 80 • C (Groß and Golubkov 2021), while the Department of Energy of the United States (DOE) established the maximum operating cell temperature at 52 • C (Keyser et al 2017). But already within these limits, and especially beyond them, different degradation mechanisms lead to the progressive deterioration of the performance, reducing the life time of the cells beyond practical or economical criteria.…”

“…The reader is referred to validated libraries reported in Dao and Schmitke (2015), Uddin and Picarelli (2014), Gerl et al (2014), Bouvy et al (2012), Brembeck and Wielgos (2011), Einhorn et al (2011), andJanczyk et al (2016), as well particular applications on fuel economy (Batteh and Tiller 2009;Spike et al 2015), thermal management (Bouvy et al 2012), cell modelling and coolant analysis (Krüger, M. Sievers, and Schmitz 2009),and battery aging (Gerl et al 2014;Stüber 2017). More recently, (Groß and Golubkov 2021) developed a comprehensive Li-ion library that includes not only electrical cell models, but also thermal runaway (TR) and propagation dynamics, i.e., equations that capture the chemical reactions once an onset temperature is reached.…”