A Modeling-Based Approach for Soil Frost Detection in the Northern Boreal Forest Region With C-Band SAR

Cohen, Juval; Rautiainen, Kimmo; Ikonen, Jaakko; Lemmetyinen, Juha; Smolander, Tuomo; Vehviläinen, Juho; Pulliainen, Jouni

doi:10.1109/tgrs.2018.2864635

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 114 publications

(132 reference statements)

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“…Although this study did not explicitly separate canopy backscatter from other components, the backscatter signatures measured from the forest canopy (see Fig. 7) resemble previous results obtained at the P-, C-, and X-bands ([12]- [14]) for canopy backscatter. The low impact of snow cover on backscatter intensity up to X-band also corroborates studies of snow on ground (e.g., [15]).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Attenuation of Radar Signal by a Boreal Forest Canopy in Winter

Lemmetyinen

Ruiz

Cohen

et al. 2022

IEEE Geosci. Remote Sensing Lett.

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An investigation of boreal forest attenuation of a radar signal in winter is presented, applying a multifrequency (1-10 GHz) ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GB-SAR). As stable targets, corner reflectors (CRs) with known radar cross section (RCS) were used under the forest canopy. This enabled to relate changes in observed wideband backscattering from the reflectors to attenuation of the radar signal in forest vegetation, eliminating the influence of the background, such as snow and soil. We found that ambient temperature affected the observed attenuation of the radar signal in the entire 1-10-GHz frequency range. For temperatures T < 0 • C, attenuation was found to decrease by up to 4.3 dB at the lowest observed temperatures of −36 • C, with peak attenuation occurring at T ≈ 0 • C. The overall apparent two-way attenuation increased by up to 18 dB from L-to X-band. The presence of snow on the canopy was found to increase attenuation by 1-4 dB, the effect increasing with frequency while having only negligible effects on vegetation backscatter.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Attenuation of Radar Signal by a Boreal Forest Canopy in Winter

Lemmetyinen

Ruiz

Cohen

et al. 2022

IEEE Geosci. Remote Sensing Lett.

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“…Additionally, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) missions such as e.g. C-band ERS-1 [54], L-band Phase Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) [55], dual-pol C-band Sentinel-1 [56], and airborne P-band [57], as well as C-band MetOp (Meteorological Operational) ASCAT (Advanced Scatterometer) [58] have been operated for F/T detection using backscattered signals properties.…”

Section: Final Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Freezing and Thawing Surface State Periods With the CYGNSS Based F/T Seasonal Threshold Algorithm

Carreño-Luengo

Ruf

2022

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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Freeze/Thaw (F/T) surface state detection and imaging has been demonstrated as a capability of NASA's Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) mission. The objective of the research presented here is the application of an existing F/T retrieval algorithm to multiple target areas over several years in order to demonstrate the ability to provide long term trending of F/T behavior. Metrics are developed and evaluated to characterize F/T trends related to global warming. They include the annual fraction of time spent frozen and thawed as a function of location and year, and the earliest Fall freeze and earliest Spring thaw as a function of location and year. The results demonstrate the capability of Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS-R) to provide long term trending of F/T behavior relevant to studies of climate change.

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“…Soil F/T monitoring of SAR images is usually based on scattering [50]- [55] or coherence features [9], [56], and some methods use both features [57], [58]. Recently, a model-based approach for soil frost detection was developed using Sentinel-1 data in northern Finland [59]. However, although most studies gave the qualitative representation to describe the changes of SAR image features with soil F/T cycles, the quantitative description of time-series features of SAR images such as scattering and coherence is essential and still a challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Soil Freeze/Thaw States Using Scattering and Coherence Time Series of High-Resolution C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Zhou

Zhang

Shen

et al. 2022

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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The soil freeze/thaw (F/T) cycles play an important role in the climate system and human activities. However, the harsh environment in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) poses great challenges for both in-situ observation and remote-sensing monitoring of the soil F/T process. In this article, the time series of scattering and coherence of the high-resolution Sentinel-1 C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is analyzed to identify the soil F/T state. The time series of scattering, including intensity and decomposition parameters, and coherence, are analyzed based on three typical landcover types (i.e., desert, grassland, and meadow) in the QTP. They are given the mathematical description by second-order and fourth-order Fourier functions, respectively. Based on Fourier functions, the initial F/T time points of the soil are detected in each pixel to draw the F/T map of the entire study area. The experiment results are cross-validated with the initial F/T time points of the soil calculated from the MODIS land surface temperatures, showing that the differences in days are less than one revisit cycle of Sentinel-1 (i.e., 12 days). Furthermore, the possible impacts of environmental factors acquired from the Wudaoliang meteorological station, including air temperature, ground surface temperature, snow depth, and precipitation, on scattering and coherence are discussed. This study explores that Sentinel-1 has great potential for soil F/T monitoring in the QTP, which can indicate F/T states of the surface soil as well as F/T information of the deeper soil with a high spatial-temporal resolution.

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A Modeling-Based Approach for Soil Frost Detection in the Northern Boreal Forest Region With C-Band SAR

Cited by 15 publications

References 114 publications

Attenuation of Radar Signal by a Boreal Forest Canopy in Winter

Attenuation of Radar Signal by a Boreal Forest Canopy in Winter

Mapping Freezing and Thawing Surface State Periods With the CYGNSS Based F/T Seasonal Threshold Algorithm

Identifying Soil Freeze/Thaw States Using Scattering and Coherence Time Series of High-Resolution C-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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