A Modification and Validation of Two Urine Ethanol Procedures for Use with the Monarch® 2000 Chemistry System

Abstract

A modification of two commercially available enzymatic ethanol urine assays for use with the Monarch 2000 Chemistry System (Instrumentation Laboratory) is described. Both the Syva EMIT st Urine Ethyl Alcohol Assay and the Sigma Diagnostics Alcohol in Urine Assay, which utilize the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to NADH associated with the oxidation of ethanol in the presence of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), were adapted to spectrophotometrically determine ethanol concentration. Precision was evaluated over a 3-day period. Within-day (n = 9) and total (n = 27) coefficients of variation (CV) were less than 7% for the controls greater than or equal to 200 mg/L (20 mg/dL). Enzymatic assay results utilizing the Monarch procedure were compared to a gas chromatographic (GC) reference method (n = 100 samples). Regression analysis of assay data with each reagent compared to the reference method resulted in correlation coefficients r = 0.972 (Syva) and 0.948 (Sigma). Both methods exhibited nonlinear results and therefore quantitative applications cannot be made. No false positive or negative results were encountered with either reagent, indicating that the assay is acceptable as a positive/negative screen for urine ethanol for a threshold less than or equal to 20 mg/dL.

Forensic science

“…Critical evaluations of the ETS-PLUS Ethyl Alcohol Assay (EMIT) have been reported (33,34), and a modification of both the Syva EMIT-st Urine Ethyl Alcohol Assay and the Sigma Diagnostics Alcohol in Urine Assay for use with the Monarch 2000 Chemistry System has been described (35).…”