“…Various numerical techniques, e.g., finite difference method (FDM) [3,4], finite element method (FEM) [5], imagery distance beam propagation method (ID-BPM) [6], and mapped Galerkin method (MGM) [7], have been proposed to perform this task. Among them, the FD is an attractive candidate because of the simplicity of its implementation and the sparsity of its resulting matrix.…”