A modified quick‐easy‐cheap‐effective‐rugged‐and‐safe method involving carbon nano‐onions‐based dispersive solid‐phase extraction and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for pesticides from grapes

Abstract

A combination of modified quick easy cheap effective rugged and safe extraction approach with carbon nano-onions-based dispersive solid-phase extraction and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was developed for the extraction of several pesticides (diazinon, chlorpyrifos, tebuconazole, deltamethrin, permethrin, haloxyfop-methyl, penconazole, and cyhalothrin) from grape before their analysis by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. In the extraction approach, an aliquot of grape sample is chopped and after separating its juice, the pesticides that remained in the refuse are extracted by the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction method. The obtained acetonitrile phase is mixed with juice and the analytes are extracted by the carbon nano-onionsbased dispersive solid-phase extraction. The analytes are concentrated using the microextraction procedure to obtain high enrichment factors. The results showed low limits of detection (0.5-1.6 ng/g) and quantification (1.8-5.4 ng/g) with satisfactory linearity of the calibration curves (determination coefficient, r 2 ≥ 0.994). The precision of the developed method expressed as relative standard deviations was good (≤7.2%). The method provided high enrichment factors and extraction recoveries (70-82%). Finally, seven grape samples were analyzed successfully.

Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in dairy products by modified QuEChERS/GC‐QqQ‐MS/MS method: A risk assessment study

“…Among them, GC‐QqQ‐MS/MS has high sensitivity and high accuracy and has many applications in this field (Reddy et al, 2019 ; Yaminifar et al, 2021 ). To evaluate PCBs and other contaminants in food products, a method was introduced in 2003 that was quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe, called the QuEChERS technique (Mokhtari et al, 2002 ; Sereshti et al, 2022 ; Wu et al, 2022 ). The QuEChERS technique was used to extract analytes from the food matrix (Chen et al, 2022 ; Özdemir et al, 2019 ; Rutkowska et al, 2018 ).…”