A modified resistance equation for modeling underwater spark discharge with salinity and high pressure conditions

Zhao, Peng; Roy, Subrata

doi:10.1063/1.4874184

“…ere are many researchers investigating the characteristics of WSWs produced by HVPD [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], but few of them considered the effects of P H on WSWs. Furthermore, other researchers carried out some experiments to study the electrical characteristics of pulsed discharge in pressurized water [20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Pulsed Discharge Underwater Shock‐Related Properties in Pressurized Liquid Water

Bian

¹

,

Dong

²

,

Zhao

³

et al. 2018

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Engineering background of hydraulic fracturing is applied to improve the permeability of unconventional gas wells, such as coal seams and shale gas wells, by a pulsed discharge mechanism. We studied the general relations between water shock wave properties (the maximum pressure, wave velocity, and energy conversion efficiency), the discharge voltage, and hydrostatic pressure during high-voltage pulsed discharge experiments in pressurized liquid water. e following observations were made: (1) when the discharge voltage increased from 7 kV to 13 kV, the maximum pressure increased from 12.6 MPa (hydrostatic pressure P H � 12 MPa) to 40 MPa (P H � 6 MPa), wave velocity increased from 1418 m/s (P H � 12 MPa) to 1454 m/s (P H � 6 MPa), and energy conversion efficiency increased from 9% to 11%, and (2) when hydrostatic pressure increased from 0 MPa to 12 MPa, the maximum pressure and wave velocity augmented and then diminished slowly (the critical hydrostatic pressure occurs in the 3 to 6 MPa range), whereas the change of energy conversion efficiency was not obvious. eir properties are explained by the variation of electrical parameters during the pulsed discharge.

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“… Macro-research fields of the included studies in this review. Fundamental [ 21 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 50 , 52 , 54 , 58 , 59 ], plasma medicine [ 20 , 22 , 31 , 32 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 48 , 49 , 51 , 55 , 56 , 60 ], engineering [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 53 ], and environmental [ 19 , 23 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 57 ]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“… Types of plasma-treated saline water. PBS [ 22 , 39 , 40 , 44 , 51 , 57 , 60 ]; NaCl 0.9% [ 22 , 47 , 48 , 50 , 51 , 56 , 58 ]; artificial sea water [ 21 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 54 ]; natural sea water [ 19 , 20 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 38 , 59 ]; other saline solutions [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 45 , 46 , 49 , 52 , 53 , 55 ]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma–Saline Water Interaction: A Systematic Review

Melo

¹

,

Rocha

²

,

Silva

³

et al. 2022

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Plasma–liquid interaction research has developed substantially in recent years due, mostly, to the numerous applications of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP). Plasma–liquid interactions are influenced by the concentrations of the ionic species present in the liquid environment, and few studies have paid attention to saline water, which generally mediates the reactions in many plasma applications. Therefore, the present review aims to explore the main results and the influence of variables on the modification of properties of saline water by CAP sources following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The searches were carried out in the Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases, resulting in the inclusion of 37 studies. The main effects of the interaction between CAP and saline water are (i) the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS); (ii) the increase in conductivity and decrease in pH, directly proportional to the increase in discharge voltage; (iii) and the effective area of interaction and the shortest distance between electrode and solution. Other effects are the localized evaporation and crystallization of salts, which make the interaction between plasma and saline water a promising field in the development of technologies for desalination and improvement of liquid properties.

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“…Some researchers used to treat R p as a time-varying resistance [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and others prefer to regard R p as a constant [19][20][21][22][23] during the discharge. It turned out that usage of constant resistance to calculate the channel power, channel energy, and electroacoustic conversion e ciency and to simulate bubble motion together with bubble dynamics model, equation of state of water, and energy conservation equation can bring about accepted results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods on the Determination of the Circuit Parameters in an Underwater Spark Discharge

Han

¹

,

Zhang

²

,

Yan

³

et al. 2022

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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We constructed an underwater discharge system to conduct a number of experiments. Considering the constant resistance of the plasma channel, we got an analytic expression for the current containing unknown parameters on the basis of the Kirchhoff voltage law. Therefore, we are required to determine the total circuit resistance R with the measured current data in hand. Three methods are employed to get this job done, namely, nonlinear least squares with three variables (NLS-TV), nonlinear least squares with a single variable (NLS-SV), and waveform calculation method (WCM). The Levenberg–Marquardt (L-M) algorithm and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm are employed in NLS-TV and NLS-SV, and the root mean square error (RMSE), as well as an improved cosine similarity (ICS), was selected to evaluate the performance of algorithms. The results show that NLS-TV gives an optimal solution with the combination of the PSO algorithm and L-M algorithm. Then, by calculation, R = 1.3195 Ω , C = 0.56865 μF, and L = 17.172 μH. RMSE and ICS between fitted current data and measured one are 43.9689 and 0.9947, respectively. NLS-SV gives a satisfying solution either by PSO or by L-M, yet it needs information of angular frequency from the measured current waveform and the total inductance C . In this case, we get R = 1.3115 Ω , L = 16.969 μH, RMSE = 48.0883, and ICS = 0.9967. As for WCM, it is completely dependent on the measured current waveform and the total inductance C . The corresponding values of R and L are 1.2463 Ω and 16.993 μH. Also, we get RMSE = 52.1902 and ICS = 0.9728. For NLS-SV and WCM, the needed total capacitance during calculation is determined using the computed capacitance by NLS-TV. If the energy storage capacitance is used as the total capacitance, the obtained solution is frustrating. Therefore, independent use of NLS-SV or WCM demands a precise capacitance of the total circuit measured by an RLC meter. We also draw a conclusion that ignoring the capacitance of other parts of the circuit is incorrect and will lead to an enormous error during calculation.

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A modified resistance equation for modeling underwater spark discharge with salinity and high pressure conditions

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Experimental Study of Pulsed Discharge Underwater Shock‐Related Properties in Pressurized Liquid Water

Experimental Study of Pulsed Discharge Underwater Shock‐Related Properties in Pressurized Liquid Water

Plasma–Saline Water Interaction: A Systematic Review

Methods on the Determination of the Circuit Parameters in an Underwater Spark Discharge

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