A Moisture‐Assisted Rechargeable Mg−CO₂ Battery

Abstract

New sustainable energy conversion and storage technologies are required to address the energy crisis and CO 2 emission. Among various metal-CO 2 batteries that utilize CO 2 and offer high energy density, rechargeable MgÀ CO 2 batteries based on earth-abundant and safe magnesium (Mg) metal have been limited due to the lack of a compatible electrolyte, operation atmosphere, and unambiguous reaction process. Herein, the first rechargeable nonaqueous MgÀ CO 2 batteries have been proposed with moisture assistance in a CO 2 atmosphere. These display more than 250 h cycle life and maintain the discharge voltage over 1 V at 200 mA g À 1 . Combining with the experimental observations and theoretical calculations, the reaction in the moisture-assisted MgÀ CO 2 battery is revealed to be 2 MgIt is anticipated that the moisture-assisted rechargeable MgÀ CO 2 batteries would stimulate the development of multivalent metal-CO 2 batteries and extend CO 2 fixation and utilization for carbon neutrality.

Advancing next-generation nonaqueous Mg–CO2batteries: insights into reaction mechanisms and catalyst design

“…10 However, in contrast, the Raman and FTIR spectra reported by Zhang and co-workers indicate only MgCO 3 and C as discharge products with a carbon nanotube (CNT) cathode. 11…”

“…Magnesium–carbon dioxide (Mg–CO 2 ) batteries have emerged as a promising alternative due to their high theoretical energy density, low cost, natural abundance, and eco-friendliness. 10,11…”

“…Magnesium-carbon dioxide (Mg-CO 2 ) batteries have emerged as a promising alternative due to their high theoretical energy density, low cost, natural abundance, and eco-friendliness. 10,11 Mg-CO 2 batteries can potentially be a promising alternative to conventional LiBs. 10,11 However, the batteries have been found to face several challenges that hinder their practical implementation.…”

One Stone Three Birds: An Aqueous Mg–CO2 Battery for Generation of Electricity, Syngas, and High-Value Phosphate

“…14 Subsequently, nonaqueous Mg−CO 2 battery with MgCO 3 or MgC 2 O 4 as the anode products was also reported. 15,16 These progresses witness that the development of metal−CO 2 batteries with active CO 2 RR electrocatalysts for production of higher-valued chemicals is highly desirable.…”

Electrochemical behavior of Mg electrode in sodium salt electrolyte system

“…Mg has an electrochemical equivalent of 0.454 g Ah −1 and a theoretical specific capacity up to 2,202 mAh g −1 , enabling it to be applied to long-time discharge (Kékedy-Nagy et al, 2021). However, shortcomings also remain unresolved, such as the lessened battery storage capacity after discharge, voltage hysteresis, severe inferior corrosion resistance of the electrode, and poor current efficiency, forming the main obstructors of the commercial availability of Mg battery (Shao et al, 2015;Horia et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2022). In the Mg battery, "voltage lag" is the essence of the passivation of the Mg electrode in the electrolyte.…”