“…To address these issues, especially to suppress the shuttling of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), abundant methods − have been made, which can be classified as physical confinement, chemical adsorption, and catalysis. − Various composite materials − have been applied as sulfur hosts, such as carbon materials, − polymers, , metal oxides, , metal nitrides, metal sulfides, , metal phosphides, , etc. Among them, different carbon materials ,− are the most widely researched because of their superior electroconductibility and high surface areas.…”