A molecular paradigm: “Plug-and-play” chemical sensing and crypto-steganography based on molecular recognition and selective response

d-Penicillamine@Ag/Cu Nanocluster-Based Fluorescent Nanoneuron for Logic Screening Phosphonate-Type Organophosphate Pesticides and Steganographically Encrypting Information

“…Motivated by human brain circuits, constructing artificial neuron analogues utilizing molecular systems or nanosystems is a new direction for logic sensing, imaging, molecular computing, molecular classifier, and data security. − Various artificial molecular and nanoneurons have been developed to carry out molecular computing operations from simple to complex, such as sequential logic gates, Boolean logic trees, reversible logic gates, and fuzzy logic operations, which hold great potential in the fields of environmental science, food safety, and biomedical science. By utilizing engineered biological units, such as organic molecules, enzymes, nucleic acids, and cell, as building blocks, ongoing efforts involved the design and construction of smart logic sensing and computing devices, with information encoding, classifying, encrypting, and fuzzy search functions. ,− For example, nanomaterials-based fluorescence nanoquenchers using MoS 2 , WS 2 , graphene, carbon nanotubes, and graphite carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) nanosheets are commonly used in molecular logic computing, biosensing, and clinical diagnosis. − Other biomolecular probes, including nucleic acids, peptides, and cells, were used for constructing intelligent logic sensing systems for the determination of DNA, biomarkers, and other analytes. ,, We also created Boolean logic trees to organize and connect the changes in matters and energy in the CRISPR-Cas12a-based system and the superwettable surface-based system for developing complex logic sensing circuits. , Although reported molecular or nanosystems have achieved significant performances in logic sensing, molecular computing, and information security, they still exhibit several shortcomings. First, complex modifications and functionalization are required to broaden the signal and function of the system to accomplish multifunction detection and multicode logic information.…”

Multimorphological Remoldable Silver Nanomaterials from Multimode and Multianalyte Colorimetric Sensing to Molecular Information Technology

“…With the help of extensible design and stimulus-responsiveness of molecular or nanosystems, some limited examples have been successfully demonstrated for multipurpose applications of sensing, logic computing, or information protection. − How to use simple molecular or nanosystems to build large-scale parallel logic circuits and realize complex logic operations is a direction to pursue . For example, by mining the ability of multichannel and multimatter sensing of molecular or nanosystems, the number of logical inputs and outputs can be effectively increased, to expand the scale of logic operations. ,,, Meanwhile, another emerging direction is how to develop or use molecular or nanosystems to explore the characteristics of the molecular information contained in them, to protect information (such as information encryption and hiding). − Although some molecular or nanosystems have created vitality in molecular computing and information safety, − it still has great challenges, including manufacturing defects, poor functionality, and limited paradigms. In particular, there is still a lack of imagination in expanding new stimulus–response mapping relationships and developing new molecular information coding paradigms (including molecular features, relationships, or response signals that can be used).…”