A Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Thermal Sensor for the Selective Detection of Melamine in Milk Samples

Caldara, Manlio; Lowdon, Joseph W.; Royakkers, Jeroen; Peeters, Marloes; Cleij, Thomas J.; Diliën, Hanne; Eersels, Kasper; Grinsven, Bart van

doi:10.3390/foods11182906

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…To obtain a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for pyocyanin detection a free-radical monolithic bulk polymerization approach was used, which has been reported for the synthesis of MIPs for other targets in previous work. ,, Due to the radical scavenging properties of the envisioned target, a dummy template approach was selected. To achieve this, phenazine was chosen as a template to create pyocyanin receptors due to its structural similarities with pyocyanin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Pyocyanin Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Indirect Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

et al. 2023

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous multi-drug-resistant bacterium, capable of causing serious illnesses and infections. This research focuses on the development of a thermal sensor for the indirect detection of P. aeruginosa infection using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). This was achieved by developing MIPs for the detection of pyocyanin, the main toxin secreted by P. aeruginosa. To this end, phenazine was used as a dummy template, evaluating several polymeric compositions to achieve a selective MIP for pyocyanin recognition. The sensitivity of the synthesized MIPs was investigated by UV–vis analysis, with the best composition having a maximum rebinding capacity of 30 μmol g–1 and an imprinting factor (IF) of 1.59. Subsequently, the MIP particles were immobilized onto planar aluminum chips using an adhesive layer, to perform thermal resistance measurements at clinically relevant concentrations of pyocyanin (1.4–9.8 μM), achieving a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.347 ± 0.027 μM. The selectivity of the sensor was also scrutinized by subjecting the receptor to potential interferents. Furthermore, the rebinding was demonstrated in King’s A medium, highlighting the potential of the sensor for the indirect detection of P. aeruginosa in complex fluids. The research culminates in the demonstration of the MIP-based sensor’s applicability for clinical diagnosis. To achieve this goal, an experiment was performed in which the sensor was exposed to pyocyanin-spiked saliva samples, achieving a limit of detection of 0.569 ± 0.063 μM and demonstrating that this technology is suitable to detect the presence of the toxin even at the very first stage of its production.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Pyocyanin Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Indirect Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

et al. 2023

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“…Heat-Transfer Method (HTM) Setup: The sensing platform used for the HTM rebinding studies has been described in previous works. [47,48] Briefly, MIP-modified screen-printed electrodes were placed on a copper heat sink. The temperature of the sink, T 1 , was strictly controlled using a K-type thermocouple (TC Direct, Nederweert, the Netherlands), a power resistor (Farnell, Utrecht, the Netherlands) and a software-based PID controller (P = 10, I = 8, D = 0) in Labview (National Instruments, Austin, TX, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dipstick Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer‐Coated Screen‐Printed Electrodes for the Single‐Shot Detection of Glucose in Urine Samples—From Fundamental Study toward Point‐of‐Care Application

Caldara

Lowdon

Wissen

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Inter

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Glucose biosensors play an extremely important role in health care systems worldwide. Therefore, the field continues to attract significant attention leading to the development of innovative technologies. Due to their characteristics, Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) represent a promising alternative to commercial enzymatic sensors. In this work, a low‐cost, flexible MIP‐based platform for glucose sensing by integrating MIP particles directly into screen‐printed electrodes (SPEs) is realized. The sensor design allows the detection of glucose via two different transducer principles, the so‐called “heat‐transfer method” (HTM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor are demonstrated by comparing the responses obtained toward three different saccharides. Furthermore, the application potential of the MIP‐SPE sensor is demonstrated by analyzing the response in urine samples, showing a linear range of 14.38–330 µm with HTM and 1.37–330 µm with EIS. To bring the sensor closer to a real life application, a handheld dipstick sensor is developed, allowing the single‐shot detection of glucose in urine using EIS. This study illustrates that the simplicity of the dipstick readout coupled with the straightforward manufacturing process opens up the possibility for mass production, making this platform a very attractive alternative to commercial glucose sensors.

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“…The stamp used to immobilize the particles is usually PDMS, and as for the adhesive layer different polymers, such as PVC or conjugated polymers (e.g., PPV), have been used successfully. The formed receptor layer is then used as sensing element for different types of transducers, such as HTM [ 20,77–79 ] or EIS [ 80–83 ] allowing the detection of several markers.…”

Section: Mechanical Mip Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…formed receptor layer is then used as sensing element for different types of transducers, such as HTM [20,[77][78][79] or EIS [80][81][82][83] allowing the detection of several markers. The major drawback of this approach lies in the irreproducible nature of the formed layers, primarily stemming from how the analyte species is stamped into the polymeric layer.…”

Section: Microcontact Stampingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition Methods for the Integration of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) in Sensor Applications

Caldara

Wissen

Cleij

et al. 2023

Advanced Sensor Research

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Offering high specificity and selectivity, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic polymeric affinity reagents that have become increasingly popular over the last couple of decades. Due to their long-term chemical and physical stability and low production cost, they have become an increasingly popular choice of receptor in the realm of sense. MIPs have therefore been associated with the detection of small molecules, proteins, cells, and pathogens, proving a highly robust and useful tool in the production of next-gen sensing platforms. This said, the development of these sensors pivots on one simple fact; these receptors have to be deposited onto a substrate for their desired application. The deposition of MIPs during sensor fabrication is therefore of great importance, with the field utilizing an array of mechanical and chemical deposition methods to achieve this. To this end, this review, therefore, sets aim at coalescing these different deposition approaches, classifying them, and outlining their utility when it comes to receptor design and integration. Thus, offering a knowledge base on current deposition methods, potential future approaches and analyzing where the MIP deposition field is tending toward.

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A Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Thermal Sensor for the Selective Detection of Melamine in Milk Samples

Cited by 23 publications

References 46 publications

Thermal Pyocyanin Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Indirect Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Thermal Pyocyanin Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Indirect Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Dipstick Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer‐Coated Screen‐Printed Electrodes for the Single‐Shot Detection of Glucose in Urine Samples—From Fundamental Study toward Point‐of‐Care Application

Deposition Methods for the Integration of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) in Sensor Applications

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