A Monte Carlo-based model of gold nanoparticle radiosensitization accounting for increased radiobiological effectiveness

Lechtman, Eli; Mashouf, Shahram; Chattopadhyay, Niladri; Bm, Keller; Peng, Lai; Cai, Zhongli; Rm, Reilly; Pignol, Jean-Philippe

doi:10.1088/0031-9155/58/10/3075

Cited by 137 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Similar results were obtained by Lechtman et al using Monte Carlo simulations. 22 Further measurements focusing on this variation between two radiobiological parameters are currently being undertaken by our group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal energy for cell radiosensitivity enhancement by gold nanoparticles using synchrotron-based monoenergetic photon beams

Rahman¹,

Corde²,

Yagi³

et al. 2014

IJN

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Gold nanoparticles have been shown to enhance radiation doses delivered to biological targets due to the high absorption coefficient of gold atoms, stemming from their high atomic number (Z) and physical density. These properties significantly increase the likelihood of photoelectric effects and Compton scattering interactions. Gold nanoparticles are a novel radiosensitizing agent that can potentially be used to increase the effectiveness of current radiation therapy techniques and improve the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. However, the optimum radiosensitization effect of gold nanoparticles is strongly dependent on photon energy, which theoretically is predicted to occur in the kilovoltage range of energy. In this research, synchrotron-generated monoenergetic X-rays in the 30–100 keV range were used to investigate the energy dependence of radiosensitization by gold nanoparticles and also to determine the photon energy that produces optimum effects. This investigation was conducted using cells in culture to measure dose enhancement. Bovine aortic endothelial cells with and without gold nanoparticles were irradiated with X-rays at energies of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 81, and 100 keV. Trypan blue exclusion assays were performed after irradiation to determine cell viability. Cell radiosensitivity enhancement was indicated by the dose enhancement factor which was found to be maximum at 40 keV with a value of 3.47. The dose enhancement factor obtained at other energy levels followed the same direction as the theoretical calculations based on the ratio of the mass energy absorption coefficients of gold and water. This experimental evidence shows that the radiosensitization effect of gold nanoparticles varies with photon energy as predicted from theoretical calculations. However, prediction based on theoretical assumptions is sometimes difficult due to the complexity of biological systems, so further study at the cellular level is required to fully characterize the effects of gold nanoparticles with ionizing radiation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal energy for cell radiosensitivity enhancement by gold nanoparticles using synchrotron-based monoenergetic photon beams

Rahman¹,

Corde²,

Yagi³

et al. 2014

IJN

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“…For instance, in the case of x-ray irradiation Li et al (2014) reported a dose enhancement value difference of a factor of 2 between the Penelope-2011 (Salvat et al 2011) and Geant4 code (Agostinelli et al 2003, Allison et al 2006. Moreover, dose distributions around the GNPs have been used in combination with radiobiological models (Lechtman et al 2013, Lin et al 2015, McQuaid et al 2016 in order to calculate biological endpoints such as cell survival. This interest in the nanoscale simulations raises a fundamental question; whether the physical interaction model selection can affect the predicted dose distribution around the GNP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geant4 interaction model comparison for dose deposition from gold nanoparticles under proton irradiation

Sotiropoulos

Taylor

Henthorn

et al. 2017

Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express

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Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have shown a potential as a radiosensitizer in radiotherapy. The radiosensitization effect is thought to be linked to the increased dose deposition around the GNP. Monte Carlo simulations have been implemented for the calculation of the dose distributions around the GNPs and have been used for the calculation of the dose enhancement. They have also been imported to radiobiological models to predict biological endpoints. This work assessed the implications of different physical interaction models on the dose distribution and dose enhancement of GNPs surrounded by water under proton irradiation. The Penelope and Livermore physical interaction model implementation of the Geant4 simulation toolkit were compared considering the following parameters: i) GNP size, ii) proton energy, and iii) alternative physics model parameters in the gold or water medium. We found that neither the dose distribution nor the dose enhancement is sensitive to the model selection after the first 100 nm from the GNP surface. Within the first 100 nm the Livermore models calculated a higher dose, attributed to a higher production of low energy secondary electrons inside the GNP.

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“…Previously, it has been shown that loading gold NPs into prostate, skin melanoma, and liver tumors, which are later exposed to irradiation, results in greater dose absorption within the tumor than the surrounding tissues 15, 16, 17, 18…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma irradiation of ocular melanoma and lymphoma cells in the presence of gold nanoparticles: in vitro study

Kanavi

Asadi

Balagholi

et al. 2018

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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The aim of this work was to determine whether conjugation of cultivated choroidal melanoma and Burkitt's lymphoma cells with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is beneficial for these series of ocular cancer patients. GNPs are radiosensitizers and can sensitize tumors to radiotherapy.This application has been examined in several tumor types, but not in choroidal melanoma. This study shows the results of in vitro study on the choroidal melanoma and also Burkitt's lymphoma cells in the presence of GNPs during continuous gamma irradiation. Cytotoxicity of GNPs were assessed for five different concentrations then cultured melanoma and Burkitt's lymphoma cells were irradiated with a Gamma source in the presence and absence of NPs. Incubation of melanoma cells with GNP concentrations below 100 μg/ml, accompanied by gamma irradiation, increased cell death (P value = 0.016) . In the absence of irradiation, GNPs at these concentrations did not affect cultured melanoma cell metabolism. Reduced cell viability resulted from a significant increase in absorbed energy by the tumor. Moreover, GNP concentrations higher than 200 μg/ml induced cytotoxicity in melanoma cells. Cytotoxicity assay in GNPs‐loaded Burkitt's lymphoma cells showed a slight decrease in cell viability at 50 μg/ml and clear cytotoxicity at concentrations higher than 100 μg/ml (P value = 0.035). Concentration and proper injection doses of GNPs in sensitive tissues such as the human eye are important variables yet to be determined.This is the first report of choroidal melanoma dosimetry performed in the presence of GNPs and provides valuable insights into future therapeutic approaches. Further in vitro study with more different sizes and concentrations is needed to determine the optimum size and concentration before any clinical research in this regard.

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A Monte Carlo-based model of gold nanoparticle radiosensitization accounting for increased radiobiological effectiveness

Cited by 137 publications

References 49 publications

Optimal energy for cell radiosensitivity enhancement by gold nanoparticles using synchrotron-based monoenergetic photon beams

Optimal energy for cell radiosensitivity enhancement by gold nanoparticles using synchrotron-based monoenergetic photon beams

Geant4 interaction model comparison for dose deposition from gold nanoparticles under proton irradiation

Gamma irradiation of ocular melanoma and lymphoma cells in the presence of gold nanoparticles: in vitro study

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