A MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF ATLAS &amp; AXIS VERTEBRAE IN RAJASTHAN POPULATION

Parashar, Rekha; Chauhan, Sangita; Saxena, Dhiraj; Meena, Saroj Lata

doi:10.14260/jemds/2014/4092

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Bazaldua et al ( 30 ), studied the morphometry of the cervical vertebrae C3-7 in a population from Northeastern Mexico and measured the distance from the superior border to the tip of the SP in the sagittal plane to determine a mean value of 29.12±5.86 mm, which was in accordance with the results of the present study. However other studies obtained measures of 22.19±2.02 and 22.78±2.03 mm ( 31 , 32 ), which was smaller than the result of the present study. These discrepancies may be the result of the various measuring criteria, inter-regional or -ethnic differences and statistical errors.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

An anatomical study of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebrae based on the three‑dimensional computed tomography reconstruction

et al. 2018

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Palpation of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7) is important for the diagnosis and treatment of neck and chest conditions. However, the spinous process of C7 (C7-SP) displays an anatomical deviation among individuals. The present study aimed to clarify anatomic characteristics of C7-SP by using a three-dimensional (3D) computed tomographic (CT) reconstruction technique. A total of 245 subjects meeting the selection criteria were examined. After CT scanning, the images were reconstructed in 3D. All subjects were grouped according to their deviation of C7-SP: Deviating to the right (DR group), deviating to the left (DL group) and no deviation (ND group). Three distances and three angles were recorded on C7-SP. The vertical distances between the borders of the left and right transverse processes and the tip of the SP, were termed DLTS and DRTS, respectively. The length of the SP was also determined. The angle of the SP deviation was referred to as ∠α, the angle between the SP axis and the line crossing the tips of the transverse processes was referred to as ∠β and the angle between the vertebral body axis and the SP axis was referred to as ∠γ. Among the three groups, differences in ∠α and ∠β were statistically significant (P<0.05). Furthermore, the DLTS was significantly different between the DL and ND groups (P<0.05). In addition, a significant difference in the DRTS was identified between the DR and ND groups (P<0.05). 3D CT reconstruction was reliable for studying anatomic characteristics of C7-SP. Based on this, patients may be preliminarily grouped according to the deviation of their C7-SP and the measurement of the C7-SP may guide clinical diagnoses and treatments.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

An anatomical study of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebrae based on the three‑dimensional computed tomography reconstruction

et al. 2018

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“…Although in case of spinal canal depth, Sengul measured values considerably greater than other studies. However, Singla, Gosavi and Xu presented the parameters very similar to the present study [18,26,27]. …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Although the width is mostly bigger than the depth, values do not differ significantly and for specimen 2 and 3 they are almost the same. Vertebral body measurement including vertebral body length, width, anterior and posterior height was previously performed by Gosavi [26], Singla [27], Naderi [11], Xu [18] and Dohery [24]. In Figure 4, the comparison to the present study is shown.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Table 1 summarizes all measured parameters for each specimen. The results were then compared to the previous studies [11,15,18,[24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the researches devoted themselves to measure the pedicle parameters for transpedicular crew fixation [8,[17][18][19][20][21][22]. The previous studies obtained morphometric parameters either from CT scans or radiographs [10,16,17,23] or by direct measurement performed on cadavers [15,18,[24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphometric Analysis of Human Second Cervical Vertebrae (Axis)

Haiblikova

Winkelstein

et al. 2017

J Spine

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Possessing an odontoid process and unique superior articular facets, the axis vertebra morphometry significantly differs from morphometry of other cervical vertebrae. The fractures of axis, especially its dens, are very common and surgeries highly risky. Knowledge of the axis dimensions is essential not only for preclinical studies, diagnosis of spinal cord diseases, planning of the surgeries but also for correct selection and insertion of surgical instruments or vertebral implants design. Many quantitative studies of the second cervical vertebra have been performed, yet still lacking the area parameters determination and precision of three-dimension in vivo measurement. Vertebral dimensions are reported to vary among populations, although there are very little studies examining Caucasian specimen.This study aims to provide three-dimensional in vivo morphometric analysis of the axis vertebra as well as comparison to the previous studies. The clinically relevant vertebral dimensions were measured on the threedimensional model reconstruction of CT scans providing high accuracy. Five human second cervical vertebrae were investigated (Caucasian males) and linear, area and angular dimensions were measured.The data on vertebral body dimensions were best fitting Doherty and Naderi measurement. The vertebra body anterior height was established to be 26.2 mm and the posterior height 21.4 mm. The dens parameters were similar to those presented by Doherty. Doherty also reported large variation in the dens sagittal angle which was observed in the present study as well. The dens height was determined to be 17.8 mm which is significantly greater compared to the previous studies. The smallest height among specimens was reported to be 17.0 mm. The smallest anteroposterior or transverse diameter of the dens measured was the upper depth, 9.4 mm. The smallest and biggest areas of dens were measured to be 79.0 mm 2 and 121.6 mm 2 . The superior articular facet area with mean value 211.2 mm 2 was observed to be significantly bigger than the inferior area, 141.2 mm 2 . The mean sagittal angle of the inferior facet area was assessed to be 42.1° and the mean frontal angle of the superior articular facet 69.3°. The parameters of articular facets measured by Xu correspond to the present study. Due to the vertebral body enlargement in the inferior part of vertebra, the spinal canal superior depth,18.0 mm, was observed to be bigger than its inferior depth, 16.2 mm. In case of the spinal canal depth, Sengul measured values considerably greater than other studies. However, Singla, Gosavi and Xu presented the parameters very similar to the present study. Spinal canal width was measured to be 24.4 mm supporting the measurement done by Sengul which is 24.7 mm.The measured vertebral dimensions can be used either for development of instrumentation, preclinical planning of surgeries, implant design or as the reference values for evaluation and diagnosis of various clinical conditions.

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A Morphometric Study of Body, Lamina, Spinous Process and Vertebral Foramen of Vertebra Prominens (C7) in North Indian Population: A Clinico-Anatomical Approach

Lalit¹,

Piplani²,

Kullar³

et al. 2019

IJAR

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Anatomical and morphometric aspects of seventh cervical vertebra are important for consideration of ventro-lateral approach in cervical spine surgery. Therefore, a detailed anatomical information of the dimensions of the vertebral elements is very important for successful surgical management in the degenerative, traumatic and neoplastic diseases of the cervical spine. Ethnic variations have also been reported in these dimensions and there have been no morphometric studies performed in this area in the North Indian population.Materials and Methods: 60 dry Vertebra prominens vertebrae (C7) were obtained by maceration of the cadavers, made available for the purpose of dissection. Dimensions of vertebral body, lamina, spinous process and vertebral foramen of vertebra prominens(C7) were quantified for each vertebra. Morphological features included macroscopic appearance of Shape of vertebral foramen of vertebra prominens. Results:The length (VBL), superior width(VBSW), inferior width(VBIW), anterior height(VBAH) and posterior height(VBPH) of vertebral body of vertebra prominens (C7) was 14.21+2.95mm, 25.17+3.45, 24.89+3.25mm, 11.72+1.88mm and 12.61+1.87mm respectively. Height(LH), length(LL) and width(LW) of lamina of were measured as 14.47±1.72 mm, 22.23±2.46mm and 3.74±0.46mm. Length of the spine of vertebra prominens was found to be 28.59+3.72mm. Maximum(width max ) and minimum(width min ) width of spine were 12.15+1.99mm and 6.22+1.53mm. Foramen diameter anteroposterior (FDAP) and transverse (FDT) was found to be 12.97+1.66mm and 22.85+2.46mm respectively. Conclusion:Taking these measurements of vertebra prominens(C7) into consideration with combined effects of axial computed tomography, the diameters are valuable in correct estimation of spinal deformities and are of interest from anatomical, anthropological aspect and also from medicolegal point of view.

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A MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF ATLAS & AXIS VERTEBRAE IN RAJASTHAN POPULATION

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

An anatomical study of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebrae based on the three‑dimensional computed tomography reconstruction

An anatomical study of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebrae based on the three‑dimensional computed tomography reconstruction

Morphometric Analysis of Human Second Cervical Vertebrae (Axis)

A Morphometric Study of Body, Lamina, Spinous Process and Vertebral Foramen of Vertebra Prominens (C7) in North Indian Population: A Clinico-Anatomical Approach

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