A Mosquito Goes Global

Enserink, Martin

doi:10.1126/science.320.5878.864

Cited by 182 publications

(140 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, the prevalence of AeFV in Aedes albopictus in Trentino was higher than in Veneto and this result is supported by previous research carried out in 2008(Roiz et al, 2009, and it was also higher compared with the prevalence of ISFs detected in other northern Italian regions (e.g. Lombardia, Emilia-Romagna and Piemonte) (Roiz et al, 2009(Roiz et al, , 2012Calzolari et al, 2010a Calzolari et al, , b, 2012aCalzolari et al, , 2013aCerutti et al, 2012;Ravanini et al, 2012;Pautasso et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The high sequence identity of the virus that was detected in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes to those isolated in Japan would corroborate the hypothesis that these two viruses are the same or closely related (Roiz et al, 2012), but the analysis of the complete genome of these strains would be necessary to confirm this. It is thought that Aedes albopictus has most likely brought AeFV during its recent expansion from Japan to North America and Europe (Hawley et al, 1987;Rai, 1991;Benedict et al, 2007;Enserink, 2008;Bonizzoni et al, 2013). It has also been suggested that the nucleotide sequence is relatively well conserved because ISFs are not harmful to the mosquito host and because NS5 is not affected by host immunity (Obara-Nagoya et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wide detection of Aedes flavivirus in north-eastern Italy – a European hotspot of emerging mosquito-borne diseases

Grisenti

Vázquez

Herrero

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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The pattern of flavivirus infection in mosquitoes belonging to the genera Aedes and Culex collected in two regions of north-eastern Italy (Trentino and Veneto) was assessed. Mosquitoes were collected during 2012 and screened for flaviviruses using a generic reverse transcriptionnested-PCR targeted on a region of the non-structural NS5 gene. The phylogenetic analysis was performed on a fragment of~1000 bp. Virus isolation was attempted in C6/36 insect cell lines and the infected cell cultures were studied by electron microscopy. We detected a wide distribution of Aedes flavivirus (AeFV) in Aedes albopictus, with higher infection prevalence in Trentino than in Veneto. In Culex pipiens collected in Veneto, we detected a new sequence of an insect-specific flavivirus and one of Usutu virus. Interestingly, we detected AeFV in C. pipiens, for the first time to our knowledge, in both regions. Viral isolation in cell culture was successful for AeFV. AeFV sequences found in Veneto showed a high percentage of similarity to those detected in Trentino and to those previously reported in other areas of northern Italy. Co-infections with different flaviviruses were not detected. INTRODUCTIONThe genus Flavivirus (family Flaviviridae) comprises .70 viruses that, according to their mechanism of transmission, are included in one of the following three groups: (1) those infecting a range of vertebrate hosts through mosquito or tick bites, called 'arthropod-borne viruses', (2) those spread without a known vector, presumed to be limited to infecting vertebrates only, and (3) those apparently limited to insects alone, called 'insect-specific flaviviruses' (ISFs) (Ishikawa & Konishi, 2011;Huhtamo et al., 2012 and references therein). The flavivirus genome contains genes coding for three structural proteins (capsid, premembrane and envelope) and seven non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B and NS5) (Lindenbach et al., 2006). Regions encoding envelope, NS3 and NS5 are the most frequently used for phylogenetic analysis of flaviviruses. The inclusion of ISFs in the genus Flavivirus is supported by similarities with other flaviviruses in terms of genomic organization, polyprotein hydropathy profiles and cleavage sites, but they are not able to replicate in mammalian cells and they have been isolated only in mosquito-derived cells (Kuno, 2007;Hoshino et al., 2009;Bolling et al., 2011;Cook et al., 2012;Haddow et al., 2013).The 'arthropod-borne viruses' group includes some important emerging human and animal pathogens, such 3These authors contributed equally to this work.The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for representative sequences obtained in this work are KM871198-KM871202. Lelli et al., 2008;Manarolla et al., 2010;Tamba et al., 2011; Vázquez et al., 2011;Cerutti et al., 2012;Ravanini et al., 2012;Buchebner et al., 2013;Calzolari et al., 2013a; Höfle et al., 2013). In Europe, USUV has been recognized as a candidate human pathogen in Austria (Weissenböck et al., 2007), Italy (Cavrini et al., 2009;Pecorari et al., ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide detection of Aedes flavivirus in north-eastern Italy – a European hotspot of emerging mosquito-borne diseases

Grisenti

Vázquez

Herrero

et al. 2015

Journal of General Virology

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“…Historically, urbanization has led to sanitation and hygiene revolutions that have decreased the incidence of infectious diseases [2]. However, urbanization also leads to a greater density of people as well as domestic and peridomestic animals, creating conditions that can propagate, rather than reduce, disease transmission [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization, land tenure security and vector-borne Chagas disease

et al. 2014

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Modern cities represent one of the fastest growing ecosystems on the planet. Urbanization occurs in stages; each stage characterized by a distinct habitat that may be more or less susceptible to the establishment of disease vector populations and the transmission of vector-borne pathogens. We performed longitudinal entomological and epidemiological surveys in households along a 1900 Â 125 m transect of Arequipa, Peru, a major city of nearly one million inhabitants, in which the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi, the aetiological agent of Chagas disease, by the insect vector Triatoma infestans, is an ongoing problem. The transect spans a cline of urban development from established communities to land invasions. We find that the vector is tracking the development of the city, and the parasite, in turn, is tracking the dispersal of the vector. New urbanizations are free of vector infestation for decades. T. cruzi transmission is very recent and concentrated in more established communities. The increase in land tenure security during the course of urbanization, if not accompanied by reasonable and enforceable zoning codes, initiates an influx of construction materials, people and animals that creates fertile conditions for epidemics of some vector-borne diseases.

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“…albopictus has spread to 37 states, creating public health concerns. 8 Cache Valley virus, eastern equine encephalitis virus, Jamestown Canyon virus, La Crosse virus (LACV), and West Nile virus (WNV) have all been detected in North American Ae . albopictus .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppressing Aedes albopictus, an Emerging Vector of Dengue and Chikungunya Viruses, by a Novel Combination of a Monomolecular Film and an Insect-Growth Regulator

Nelder

Kesavaraju²,

Farajollahi³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is rapidly increasing its global range and importance in transmission of chikungunya and dengue viruses. We tested pellet formulations of a monomolecular film (Agnique) and (S)-methoprene (Altosid) under laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, Agnique provided 80% control for 20 days, whereas Altosid, in combination with Agnique, provided 80% control for > 60 days. During field trials, the 1:1 pellet ratio of combined products provided > 95% control for at least 32 days and 50% control for at least 50 days. Altosid remained effective after a 107-day laboratory-induced drought, suggesting that the product serves as a means of control during drought conditions and against spring broods in temperate regions. Agnique and Altosid, when used in tandem for cryptic, difficult-to-treat locations, can provide long-term control of Ae. albopictus larvae and pupae. The possible additive or synergistic effects of the combined products deserve further investigation.

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A Mosquito Goes Global

Cited by 182 publications

References 0 publications

Wide detection of Aedes flavivirus in north-eastern Italy – a European hotspot of emerging mosquito-borne diseases

Wide detection of Aedes flavivirus in north-eastern Italy – a European hotspot of emerging mosquito-borne diseases

Urbanization, land tenure security and vector-borne Chagas disease

Suppressing Aedes albopictus, an Emerging Vector of Dengue and Chikungunya Viruses, by a Novel Combination of a Monomolecular Film and an Insect-Growth Regulator

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