“…The main open question is: could a 4ONSE system be a viable solution to monitor local phenomena in a sustainable and “effective way”, so as to meet the users’ needs? Unfortunately, despite the existence of research that investigated Open Hardware solutions [ 23 , 24 ] or Open Standard [ 25 , 26 ], to the knowledge of the authors, the combination of these two systems with open software and data has been investigated in only a few cases [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. The question, which remains therefore largely under-explored, is partially addressed in this research which evaluates the quality of the 4ONSE system, and it is presented in the next sections.…”